Volcanic Landforms Landforms From Lava and Ash Rock

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Volcanic Landforms

Volcanic Landforms

Landforms From Lava and Ash § Rock and other materials formed from lava create

Landforms From Lava and Ash § Rock and other materials formed from lava create a variety of landforms including shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, and lava plateaus.

Shield Volcanoes § A wide gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and

Shield Volcanoes § A wide gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions. § Shield volcanoes rising from a hot spot on the ocean floor created the Hawaiian Islands.

Cinder Cone Volcanoes § A steep cone shaped hill or mountain. § Cinder cone

Cinder Cone Volcanoes § A steep cone shaped hill or mountain. § Cinder cone volcanoes occur from pile up of cinders, bombs, and ash from an explosive volcano.

Composite Volcano § Tall, cone shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with

Composite Volcano § Tall, cone shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash. § Examples: Mt. Saint Helens, Mt. Fuji

Lava Plateau § High level areas formed from lava § Example: Columbia Plateau Caldera:

Lava Plateau § High level areas formed from lava § Example: Columbia Plateau Caldera: § A huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain. § The hole is filled with the pieces of the volcano that have fallen inward as well as some lava and ash.

Soils from lava and ash § Soils made from volcanic ash is some of

Soils from lava and ash § Soils made from volcanic ash is some of the richest soil in the world. § Volcanic ash breaks down and releases potassium, phosphorus, and other materials that plants need. § People settle near volcanoes to take advantage of the fertile soil.

Landforms from Magma § Features formed from magma include: volcanic necks, dikes, and sills,

Landforms from Magma § Features formed from magma include: volcanic necks, dikes, and sills, as well as batholiths and dome mountains. Volcanic necks, dikes, and sills: § A neck forms when magma hardens in a volcanoes pipe. § Magma that forces itself across rock layers hardens into a dike.

§ When magma squeezes between layers of rock it is called a sill. Batholiths:

§ When magma squeezes between layers of rock it is called a sill. Batholiths: § A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust. Dome Mountains: § Forms when rising magma is blocked by horizontal layers of rock. The magma forces the layers of rock to bend upward into a dome shape

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