Vocabulary Race Absolutism Heliocentric Theory Divine Right Westernization

Vocabulary Race ! � Absolutism: � Heliocentric Theory � Divine Right: � Westernization: � Habeas Corpus: � Constitutional Monarchy: � Bill of Rights: � Scientific Method: � Enlightenment: � Social Contract: � Industrialization: � Entrepreneur: � Urbanization: � Socialism: � Communism:

Age of Revolutions Europe Leads the World!!

Today’s Objective: �Explain the difference in government between England the rest of Europe in writing.

Absolute Kings: �What is absolutism? ◦ Absolutism was a political belief that one ruler should hold all of the power within the boundaries of a country. �In 17 th century was a period of great upheaval and wars in Europe which caused huge armies and lots of taxes. ◦ Kings gain more wealth and power.

King Louis XIV “Versailles”

Hapsburg Dynasty: (Austria)

English Monarchs Decline in Power �Magna Carta (1215): Insured basic political rights. (No taxation without representation). �(1295) Edward 1 calls every noble and two knights from every county to palace creating first parliament. �Oliver Cromwell and English parliament takes over government from Charles. (1653) �(1688) Glorious Revolution or Bloodless Revolution creates a Constitutional Monarchy & Bill of Rights.

“The English Bill of Rights. ” “That the pretended power of suspending (canceling)of laws or the execution (carrying out) of laws by regal (royal) authority without consent (permission) of parliament is Illegal. That it is the right of the subjects to petition (make requests of) the king, and all commitments (imprisonments) and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal. That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against the law. That the elections of Parliament ought to be free (not restricted). ” � According to the text, what is illegal for the king to do? � What is their opinion of a standing army? Explain why you think they felt that way: � What are the 3 most important rights a citizen should

Summary: �What are some advantages and disadvantages to an absolute monarch form of government? � Explain the differences of government between England the rest of Europe? �What effects would a controlling government have on its citizens?

Today’s Objective: �SW read answer questions demonstrating their understanding of the war between England Spain. �Turn in Reading Notes:

Review Questions: �What is absolutism? �Who was the Absolute king of France that built Versailles? �What was the Royal family of Austria? �What was the Magna Carta? �What happened during the Glorious Revolution?

Spanish Wealth (7: 30)

Sir Francis Drake

The European Showdown � Spain is Catholic & England is Anglican. � Elizabeth executes Mary Queen of Scotts. � Spanish Armada was considered an invincible naval fleet. � Victor would eventually be ultimate power in

The Shift of Power THE SPANISH ARMADA READING

Today’s Agenda! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Complete MEAL paragraph. Finish group project. Complete Renaissance essay. Complete make up work. Work on final review worksheet.

Map Activity: �East Indies, Gold Coast, Cape town, Calicut, Cape of good Hope, are found on pg. 534. as well as lots of other places.

Vocabulary Race ! � Absolutism: � Heliocentric Theory � Divine Right: � Westernization: � Habeas Corpus: � Constitutional Monarchy: � Bill of Rights: � Scientific Method: � Enlightenment: � Social Contract: � Industrialization: � Entrepreneur: � Urbanization: � Socialism: � Communism:

Age of Revolutions Europe creates the modern era.

Class Objective: �Demonstrate ability to take Cornell notes on the Scientific Revolution.

Essential Question �What were the lasting effects of the Scientific Revolution?

What is a Revolution? �A sudden, complete or marked change in something. �_____ + _____ = Revolution. ◦ IDEAS + DESIRE= REVOLUTION �What can we learn from this? �The 3 Revolutions which make Europe the world power: ◦ Scientific Revolution ◦ Political Revolution ◦ Industrial Revolution

The 3 Revolutions: �Scientific Revolution: ◦ Was a new way of thinking about the natural world, based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs. �Political Revolution: �Industrial Revolution:

Think Pair Share �(2 min. ) In what ways does the advancements of science improve society? List examples. � Think of issues the world faces today. Within the next 10 years what one scientific discovery, do you think, would have the biggest impact on the future? (must be realistic) �Partner Activity (4 min. ) Discuss the scientific discovery of the future. . YOU MUST DECIDE ON WHICH PERSON HAS THE BETTER ANSWER.

The Scientific Revolution: �Old ways of learning? ◦ Dark Ages= Bible was the source of truth. ◦ Middle Ages= Bible, and Greek and Roman. �What made Europe have a change in learning. ◦ ◦ Trade Exploration. Renaissance. Reformation

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION VIDEO

The Scientific Method: �What is the Scientific Method? ◦ The scientific method is a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. �What ◦ ◦ ◦ is the process of the Scientific Method? Observation. Hypothesis. Experiment. Analyze. Conclusion.

Activity: �Create an acronym to help you better remember the steps to the scientific method.

Exit Slip Activity: �Highlight notes. important information from your

Bell Ringer: �Get out previous notes: ◦ Highlight important information. ◦ Write at least three questions. ◦ Answer question in summary: �What factors contributed to the scientific revolution?

Today’s Objective: �Take notes on people of the Scientific Revolution.

The Scientist who sparked the Scientific Revolution: �Concept first questioned. Geocentric theory? ◦ A belief came from Aristotle, the earth was the center of the universe. �Nicolas Copernicus: In the Early 15 th century became interested in astronomy. (Discovered something new. ) ◦ Heliocentric Theory: The earth and planets revolve around the sun. �Johannes Kepler: A brilliant mathematician used Copernicus ideas concluded that certain mathematical laws governed planetary motions. (planets revolves around the sun in elliptical orbits)

Galileo Galilei: �Built the first real telescope. �Shattered Greek philosophy on the material of moon and stars. �His book “The Starry Messenger” became popular.

The Scientist Who Changed the World. .

The Scientist that Changed the World. . �Isaac Newton: (English Scientist) Helped explain Galileo and Copernicus observations. �His book “the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” is considered perhaps the most important scientific books ever written. ◦ Believed all objects were controlled by the same force. ◦ Came up with the law of universal gravitation. (Discovered the mysteries of God!) ◦ The universe is described as a “giant clock” and god is the “clockmaker. ” �His discoveries spawned an explosion of science. . Why?

Why was the Scientific Revolution so important? �Scientific Inventions: ◦ Gabriel Fahrenheit and Anders Celsius. ◦ Medicine and advancements in the working of the human body (heart & brain). �First vaccines. �Concept of germs ◦ Chemistry: (periodical chart) ◦ Discovery of bacteria & red blood cells. � Social Issues: The Enlightenment (Political Revolution), Industrial Revolution.

Exit Slip: �Think of 2 assignments equal in work to an essay or poster activity which you would be interested in doing.

Summary Activity: �Create 4 questions: �Summary; ◦ If you only walk away today remembering one thing from today’s lesson, What should it be? Explain your answer.

Short Answers on Test: Three components to short answers: ◦ Identify: 3 points (who, what, where, when: ) ◦ Connection: 1 point (Connect identity to H. S. ) ◦ Historical Significance: 1 point �How does it impact us today? �How did it change society back then? � Don’t tell a story just tell facts: Who, what, where, when: ◦ Socrates was an Athenian after the Peloponnesian wars and the down fall of Athens, he invented a new way of searching for truth by questioning everything. His method of questioning and discussing became the basis of western philosophy and paved the way for philosophers like Aristotle, Plato and philosophers today. �

Exit Slip Activity: �On a half sheet complete a correct short answer for one of the following. ◦ ◦ Scientific Method Nicholas Copernicus Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton

Class Objective. �Show knowledge of key individuals of the Enlightenment Era in writing.

Gallery Walk Activity: The Enlightenment Era �Get in groups according to numbers: �What is your group responsible for? ◦ ◦ ◦ One: Thomas Hobbes Two: John Locke Three: Baron de Montesquieu Four: Bonesana Beccaria Five: Voltaire

Gallery Walk Example: �Adam Smith. ◦ Was a Scottish philosopher. Also considered the father of economics. His most famous work was called the “Causes to the Wealth of Nations. ” ◦ Believed in a Free Market Economy or a Capitalist Society. Also believed in the “Invisible hand theory” in which the societies people (not government) would naturally correct its own mistakes. ◦ Do you believe in the “Invisible hand theory”? Why? ◦ Our whole society in America is based off Adam Smith’s philosophy. America is considered the light to the rest of the world of a Capitalist society. The constitution is based off this concept that government should not get involved in private business.

GW Activity: The Enlightenment Era �Activity Checklist (Pg. 629 -632) ◦ Explain who he was. ◦ List a summary of what he believed. ◦ Do you believe the same as him? Explain your answer. ◦ In what way do we see his thoughts in American Society today? ◦ On poster draw a picture that best represents his belief.

Group Activity: �Which Enlightenment thinker has the biggest impact for today’s society? Explain why.

Class Objective �Summarize your knowledge of the Enlightenment in writing.

Essential Question: �How did the Enlightenment influence America’s identity?

Causes of the Enlightenment! �Renaissance ◦ Education becomes the key to change. �Scientific Revolution ◦ Scientific Method becomes the catalyst for reason. �Absolutism/more freedom ◦ With the increase wealth and power of Kings vs the increasing freedom of England colonies led people to debate which is best.

The Thought That Created America! (17 Century) �_______ + _____ = Revolution ◦ IDEA + DESIRE= Revolution �John Locke had the idea: What was it? ◦ All people are born free and equal, with three natural rights- Life, Liberty, and Property. �What is Social Contract? ◦ Is the idea that people give up some of their freedoms and rights to a government in return for protection.

The View on Government! �With a partner discuss the relationship between king and citizens before and then after the Enlightenment Period. �Before? ◦ The country and its citizens exist to serve the King. ◦ “I am the State. ” Louis XIV �After? ◦ The king exists to serve the country and support the welfare of its citizens. ◦ “The ruler is the first servant of the State. ” Frederick the Great.

�Reason The 5 Concepts of Enlightenment! ◦ Belief that truth could be discovered by reason (scientific method). �Nature ◦ What was natural was good and reasonable. �Happiness ◦ People could find happiness in this life (opposite of medieval thought). �Progress ◦ Society and humankind could improve. �Liberty ◦ Called for liberties won during the Glorious Revolution (Bill of Rights).

Gist Competition. �With a Partner you must create an Acronym for the 5 Concepts of the Enlightenment. �The best partnership gets cards.

Enlightenment Changes the Arts!

Architecture: Baroque

Art: Neo Classical

Music: Classical �Perhaps the greatest musical composures of all time came from this time period. ◦ Wolfgang Amadeus, Mozart, Beethoven. ◦ Was a lighter, more elegant style of music which reflected the Enlightenment Era.

Effects of the Enlightenment! �The American Revolution: ◦ The American Revolution was a domino effect that eventually filled the entire globe. “French Revolution, Mexican Revolution, Haiti Revolution, Brazilian Revolution, etc…. ” �Industrial Revolution: ◦ The works of Adam Smith, combined with new found economic freedom and concepts of the Scientific Method. �The end of European Kings “Absolute Monarchs. ” ◦ Eventually with the constant demands for freedom from it’s citizens king have to give up power.

Enlightenment= U. S. Identity (Pg. 643)

Class Objective: �Students will write a summary showing their knowledge of the Enlightenment Era.

Exit Slip: �In a paragraph, explain what impact the Enlightenment has on American society? ◦ Paragraph must have three vocabulary words (in context) and circled. (Enlightenment cant be one)

Class Objective: �Compare the Declaration of Independence with the Declaration of the Rights of men through reading and writing.

TPS �What is some disadvantages to a Democratic form of government? �What is mob rule?

The French Revolution (17891799)

Cause: Absolutism � Absolute monarchs didn’t share power with a counsel or parliament � “Divine Right of Kings” King Louis XIV

Cause: The American Revolution � France supported the colonists against Great Britain � American Revolutionary ideas followed soldiers back. � Who was Marquis de Lafayette? Marquis de Lafayette

Cause: Enlightenment � Some of the greatest thinkers of the Enlightenment were French: ◦ ◦ Voltaire Montesquieu Rousseau Wollstonecraft

Cause: King & Queen Bankrupt France. �The king (Louis XVI) lavished money on himself and residences like Versailles �Queen Marie Antoinette was seen as a wasteful spender �Government found its funds depleted as a result of wars ◦ Including the funding of the American Revolution

What does this political cartoon say about conditions in France ?

The Three Estates � First Estate: Clergy � Second Estate: Nobility � Third Estate: The rest of society � Each gets one vote. Cartoon depicting the three Estates

The Third Estate � 97% of people. � Paid all taxes � Crop failures � Had little representation.

The Estates General � Clergy and nobility usually joined together to outvote the Third Estate � Third Estate had no power or voice. A meeting of the Estates General

The National Assembly � The Third Estate took action and established its own government � On June 17, 1789, the National Assembly was formed “France’s True Representative. ”

Confrontation With the King � Louis XVI ordered the Third Estate locked out of the National Assembly’s meeting hall � The Tennis Court Oath Artist Jacques Louis David’s depiction of the Tennis Court Oath

Storming of the Bastille � People thought the king was creating an army to stop the 3 rd estates. � They began rioting in Paris in early July � July 14 th: A mob stormed and took control of the Bastille.

The Great Fear � Rebellion spreads � Peasants destroy the countryside � End of feudal privileges � King Louis XVI forced to become a Constitutional Monarch.

The March of Women � Lower classes still unsatisfied � Thousands of starving women and peasants march on Versailles � Louis forced to return to Paris

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: � Adopted by National Assembly on August 27 th � Enlightenment ideals � Outlined basic freedoms held by all � Asserted the sovereignty of the people � “Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité” � Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

Reading Activity: �(8 min)Read Declaration of Independence underline every concept that seems to have Enlightenment ideas. ◦ (5 min) Reread and put stars next to the 3 most important Enlightenment ideas. �(5 min) Read Declaration of the Rights of Man underline every concept that seems to have Enlightenment ideas. ◦ (5 min) Reread and put stars next to the 3 most important Enlightenment ideas. �(5 min) Go over each of the documents and determine which portrays more important ideas spawned by Enlightenment philosophers.

Bell Ringer Quiz �What were two causes of the French Revolution? �List each of the 3 estates �What event started the French Revolution?

Today’s Objective: �Explain the transformation of the French Revolution in writing.

Essential Question? ? �Why was the French Revolution unsuccessful?

The Radicals Take Over � Paris mob stormed Royal Palace. � Louis and family seek aid of Legislative Assembly � King and family gets arrested. Paris crowds storm the Tuileries

Europe Gets Involved: � Europe saw the Revolution as a threat to kings power. � Prussia and Austria demands to reinstate Louie XVI ◦ French kill the king instead. � Eventually Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, Holland, and Spain unite to stop revolution. � French was on the verge of defeat.

Maximilien Robespierre’s Reign of Terror � French come up with “total war. ” 800, 000 men and women create an army. � The Committee of Public Safety � Gets rid of the Constitution. � Maximum price ceilings on certain goods � Nationalization of business.

The Guillotine � Torture of criminals is inhuman. Laws should not avenge crimes. � What enlightenment thinker came up with this? � (Bonesana Beccaria) � Intended as a more humane method of execution � Main tool used for capital punishment during French Rev.

The Reign of Terror � Execution of 40, 000 “Enemies of the Nation” � Stress on radical definition of equality � Wanted a legal maximum on personal wealth � Wanted a regulation of commercial profits � End of Robespierre dictatorship on July 28, 1794

Napoleon Bonaparte (1799 -1815) Hero or Villain? ? ?

Democracy to Dictator!! �After the Death of Maximillien Robespierre. “The Directory obtained power. ◦ Napoleon was almost beheaded by Robespierre. �The Directory continued instability in French Government. �Along comes the hero Napoleon. ◦ 1795 Napoleon becomes a hero of France by saving the Republic from French Royalist.

The Great Mind Of Napoleon: � Born from a poor noble family. Looked down upon by rich aristocrats. 5’ 3 inch tall. � After saving the National Convention, Napoleon is appointed leader of the French army. � Grows more famous by conquering Italy and Egypt. � 1799: With urges from friends his army marches into Paris and eliminates the Directory.

How did Napoleon Change France? �Created stability in the French Government. ◦ Public Education. �Napoleonic Codes: ◦ The code forbade privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, government jobs should go to the most qualified. �Went from defending themselves against Europe to Conquering Europe. ◦ Created the biggest European Kingdom since Rome. ◦ He wanted a unified Europe, governed by enlightenment ideas. �“Continental System”. ◦ Crowned Holy Roman Emperor. ◦ The Battle of Trafalgar changes Napoleon’s military strategy.

Napoleon’s Decision! � War with England. � Invasion of Russia. ◦ Scorched earth policy. ◦ 420, 000 to 10, 000. � Battle of Leipzig. “Napoleons first defeat in battle on land. ” � Banished to Elba � Hundred day war: Battle of Waterloo. � Banished to St. Helena

Question Review! �Who 1. 2. 3. 4. was Maximillien Robespierre? Napoleons most trusted general. A guy that attempted to kill Napoleon. A French king. The man who defeated Napoleon in battle of Waterloo. �Why was Napoleon unable to conquer Britain? 1. 2. 3. 4. Because they had more money. Bigger army. A more powerful navy. Because he lost support from his followers.

Question Review. �All of these contributed to the downfall of Napoleon except: 1. 2. 3. 4. Financial problems. Invading Russia. Obsession with defeating Britain. The defeat at Leipzic �What was significant about the battle of Waterloo? 1. The battle in which Napoleon saved the French Republic (First major victory). 2. His most glorious victory against the Austrian. Hungarian empire. 3. A devastating defeat which banished him to Elba. 4. The final defeat which ended the hundred day war.

Final Question: �What enlightenment thinker came up with the concept of Capitalism? 1. 2. 3. 4. Adam Smith Voltaire Montesquieu John Locke

Homework Reading Notes �Front page Latin America Revolution (681 - 686) �Back Europe Revolutions (687 - 697)

Hero or Villain? �After learning about Napoleon what is your opinion of him? Do you think he was a hero eliminating monarchies from Europe or a war monger? Explain your answer? �Is there ever an okay reason to invade another country if not at war? Explain: �Why was the French Revolution unsuccessful?

Reading Activity �Read pg. 717 -718. (1 st 3 done gets Green Cards) �What is the Agricultural Revolution? �How did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution? �Why did the industrial Revolution begin in England?

Class Objective: �Read and discuss inventions and events which led to the Industrial Revolution.

The Industrial Revolution:

Quick Write: �You are a 15 year old living in England where the Industrial Revolution has spurred the growth of thousands of factories. Cheap labor is in great demand. Like millions of other teenagers, you do not go to school. Instead, you work in a factory 6 days a week, 14 hours a day. The small pay you receive is needed to help support your family. You trudge to work before dawn every day and work until after sundown. Inside the workplace the air is hot and foul, and after sunset it is so dark it is hard to see. Minding the machines is exhausting, dirty, and dangerous. �Would you accept these working conditions to help your family, attempt to change them, go to school, or run away? Explain your answer.

� What The Beginning of Modernization: is the Industrial Revolution? ◦ The shift, from making goods by hand to making them by machine. � What effects of the Industrial Revolution do we see today? � Things you need for industrialization: ◦ Water and coal, Why? �For fuel the new machines ◦ Iron ore, Why? �to construct machines, tools, and buildings. ◦ Rivers, Why? �For inland transportation ◦ Harbors, Why? �To bring materials in and ship products out.

�What Where did Modernization Begin? was the Agriculture Revolution? ◦ Wealthy land owner bought up small farms. ◦ They fenced in the area and began thinking of ways to increase crop income. �Seed drillers, crop rotation, breeding only the best live stock. �Why did the Industrial Revolution happen in Britain? ◦ ◦ ◦ Well developed banking. Lack of resources. Lots of rivers and close to the sea. Politically stable. Freedom to create inventions.

Inventions which started the Revolution. � The Spinning Mule. ◦ A machine that spun thread quicker and stronger than by hand. � Cotton Gin. � Watt’s steam engine. � Steam Boat. ◦ A machine that made it easier to separate seeds from cotton. ◦ Created an engine that worked faster and more efficiently. ◦ Built first steam boat called the Clemont that could move up and down streams. � The Rocket. ◦ The first locomotive, it could carry 10, 000 tons and go a shocking 24 mph.

Group Activity: �Argue why your machine is the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution.

Industrial Revolution

Bell Ringer Reading Activity! �On full sheet read page 727 and answer the two questions located at the bottom of the page. �First 3 done receives Get out of Jail Free Cards.

Today’s Objective: �Read answer questions on the effects of the Industrial Revolution.

�“Consider what is happening among the working classes… Do you not see spreading among them, little by little, opinions and ideas that aim not to overturn such and such a ministry, or such laws, or such a government, but society itself, to shake it to the foundations upon which it now rest? ” �Alexis de Tocqueville

What were the first things produced? �What is a Mill? ◦ A factory for certain kinds of Manufacturing, paper, grain, textiles, and steel. �Textiles: Clothing or fabric. �Steel: Used to make products. �What kind of manufacturing does America do today? Is their manufacturing in Page?

Industrialization Changes Society

Living Conditions “You went down one step even from the foul area into the cellar in which a family of human beings lived. It was very dark inside. The window-panes many of them were broken and stuffed with rags…the smell was so fetid (foul) as almost to knock the two men down…they began to penetrate thick darkness of the place, and to see three or four little children rolling on the damp, nay wet brick floor, through which the stagnant, filthy moisture of the street oozed up. ” Mary Barton � What kind of health problems would people face living in such conditions? � Would you rather live in conditions like this but have the potential to make something of your life and have freedom, or would you rather go back to the old feudalist social structure? Explain (17 years to 34 years)

The Worlds New Lifestyle �Urbanization: cities. The movement of people to ◦ Effects of Urbanization: Unable to adjust to the huge influx of migration people lived in dark, dirty shelters, with whole families crowding into one bedroom. �New Social Classes: ◦ New Middle Class: skilled workers, factory managers, business men, and wealthy farmers. ◦ Bourgeois: (Wealthy Business Men) A new term created during this time which increasingly took power from the nobles.

Big Cities & Disease

Effects of Industrialization �Created jobs for a growing population. �Created a powerful middle class. �Expanded educational opportunities. �Eventually created more freedom by less reliance on kings. �Shifted the world balance of power. �The birth of Imperialism. �A surplus of goods and products

Three Philosophies Take Over the World!! �Adam Smith: ◦ Capitalism: Is and economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make profit. ◦ Laissez faire: (Invisible hand) Refers to the economic policy of letting owners of industry and business select working conditions without interference. �Socialism: An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. ◦ People started using the Utopia mentality started by Sir Thomas Moore to counter act the atrocities of the Industrial Revolution.

Industrialization Inspires Karl Marx: �Karl Marx: ◦ Inspired by socialism ◦ Introduce a radical form of socialism in his book “The Communist Manifesto”, called Communism. ◦ Communism: An economic system in which all means of production- land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally.

Karl Marx Vs’ Adam Smith (pg. 737) �According to the chart what does each philosophy believe causes the most progress? �What does each philosopher say about the concept, or role of the consumer? �Which philosophy do you think is based off self interest and selfishness? �Which one do you like best and why?

Document Reading Activity �Pg. 741 and answer questions on page.

Today’s Objective: �Effectively analyze The Communist Manifesto in writing by connecting to yourself and the world today.

Communist Manifesto Reading �Break up document in sections �Vocabulary you need to know. ◦ Bourgeois: Business owners (Entrepreneurs) ◦ Proletarians: The working class. �(15 min. ) Read it to yourself underline important concepts from the reading (circle and look up words you don’t know. ) �Read as a class. ◦ Write in the margins a quick summary of each section. �Complete the back. ◦ Make sure for steps 5 and 6 you apply it specifically to you and the world.