Vocabulary Chapter 12 Speech and Its Varieties Roots

Vocabulary Chapter 12 Speech and Its Varieties

Roots to Learn: dict log

Words to Learn: dictate indiction edict contradict dialogue monologue prologue

Prefixes: mono- dia-

Root Word: dict What cluster of letters is similar in all of these words? • dictate • indict • diction • edict • contradict Can you think of any other words that have that same cluster of letters in them?

Latin Roots The Latin word dicere, dictus means “to say, to speak. ” dict=to say, to speak

dictate To dictate is to read or say words that someone else will write down.

indict To indict means “to formally charge. ”

diction Diction is word choice, clearness, and vocal expression of spoken language.

edict An edict is a declaration.

contradict Contradict means “to go against” or “to disagree with. ”

Root Word: log What is similar among these three words? dialogue monologue prologue

Greek Roots The Greek word logos means “speech. ” log=speech

dialogue A dialogue is speech between two or more people, or a conversation.

Dialogue Example: Excerpt from Toy Story 3 MOM: Andy, come on -- you need to start making decisions. ANDY: Like what? MOM: Like, what are you gonna do with these toys? Should we donate ‘em to Sunnyside? ANDY: No. . . ! MOM: Maybe sell them online. . . ? ANDY: Mom -- no one’s gonna want those old toys. They’re junk! MOM: Fine. You have ‘til Friday -- anything that’s not packed for college, or in the attic, is getting thrown out. ANDY: “Whatever you say, Mom. ”

Prefix: dia. The prefix dia-means “across”, “through, ” or “between. ” Example: dia+meter (Greek word for “measure”)= diameter-the measurement of the distance across the middle of a circle.

monologue A monologue is a speech by one person. ALICE: [Angrily] Why, how impolite of him. I asked him a civil question, and he pretended not to hear me. That's not at all nice. [Calling after him] I say, Mr. White Rabbit, where are you going? Hmmm. He won't answer me. And I do so want to know what he is late for. I wonder if I might follow him. Why not? There's no rule that I mayn't go where I please. I--I will follow him. Wait for me, Mr. White Rabbit. I'm coming, too! [Falling] How curious. I never realized that rabbit holes were so dark. . . and so long. . . and so empty. I believe I have been falling for five minutes, and I still can't see the bottom! Hmph! After such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling downstairs. How brave they'll all think me at home. Why, I wouldn't say anything about it even if I fell off the top of the house! I wonder how many miles I've fallen by this time. I must be getting somewhere near the center of the earth. I wonder if I shall fall right through the earth! How funny that would be. Oh, I think I see the bottom. Yes, I'm sure I see the bottom. I shall hit the bottom, hit it very hard, and oh, how it will hurt! ALICE IN WONDERLAND A monologue from the book by Lewis Carroll

Prefix: mono. The prefix mono- means “one. ” Example: mono-+tone=monotone-speech that does not vary in pitch. Someone who speaks in a monotone voice does not vary his or her voice when speaking.

prologue A prologue is an introductory speech or artistic work.