Vocabulary Caliph Iberian Peninsula Moors Mosque Spanish Inquisition

Vocabulary • • • Caliph Iberian Peninsula Moors Mosque Spanish Inquisition Convert Caliphates Strait of Gibraltar Reconquista Conquistadors Missionaries

Let’s go Back in History Geography and Religion • Spain has historically been known as a Christian nation • Before that it was a Muslim nation. • Find Spain Islamic Caliphate around 750 AD

• Spain was conquered by a Muslim group around the 700’s. Caliph Tariq ibn-Ziyad

Al-Andalus, Muslim Spain • For hundreds of years Spain was under Muslim (Moors) control. The main reason behind this was simple; The Muslims had easy access to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) Read top of 196 Mediterranean area

Life and Society • For 5 centuries the Muslims controlled most of Europe including Spain. • A new culture developed • Economy grew as part of the Muslim world • The Muslim culture greatly influenced Spain La Cuidad shows Moorish influence Read bottom of 196 Saraceno

Centres of Learning • Learning was greatly valued in Muslim society • Throughout southern Europe, medicine and science was greatly advanced. University of Seville, Spain University of Cordoba, Spain Note the Moorish influence Read pg. 197

Return to Catholicism • In the early 1000’s a religious war erupted. • The Reconquista was a way for the Christian world to expand its power. • Because Spain was surrounded by other Christian nations, it was not very difficult to reclaim the land as Christian.

Reconquista Queen Isabelle and King Ferdinand lead the Reconqusitadors towards Granada.

WHY? • The reason why Spain was so effected by these religious battles was because the country seemed to lie in the middle. The Christian world laid to the North and East, while the Muslim world was directly south. Mediterranean area before La Reconquista

Creating A Christian Spain • It took many years for it to happen but Spain had finally been reclaimed as a Christian land. • Next step… get rid of anyone who was not a Christian!

Creating a Christian Spain • The Crusades extended into Spain • The intention was to reclaim the land for Christians • Caliphate after caliphate fell to the Christian armies • Granada was the last area under Muslim control • King Ferdinand Queen Isabella attacked Granada with the final battle at Alhambra.

Two Choices The Muslims and the Jews had two choices: 1) Leave Spain and find a new home 2) Convert to Christianity What would you choose?

The Spanish Inquisition • The Spanish Inquisition became a staterun system of courts where church officials put believers of religious ideas other than Catholicism on trial.

What did this mean for Spain? • With the expulsion of the Jews and Muslims the educated middle class was missing • Affected the economy greatly Gerona – main city for the Jews in Spain

Saving Souls • King Ferdinand knew that the Islamic faith was spreading in the middle east again • Felt it necessary to convert as many people to Catholic faith • Became part of Spanish worldview • Changed their mind about Columbus and encouraged him to convert as many people he could find • Read page 205 and 206

Columbus tells the Royals about his intentions Appeals to Queen Isabella

Gold And Glory • The Spanish Crusades and the Spanish Inquisition was costly to undertake • The royal reserves were being severely depleted • Another reason why the royalty of Spain allowed Columbus to undertake his voyage. Did Columbus first land on Grand Turks or in Salvador?

Gaining Personal Wealth • Hildalgos: large amount of people in a lower class of nobles • After the Reconquista many nobles had fallen on hard times • Because their pride would not allow them to pick up just any job they had to find other means to make money. – One option was to enter into business and commerce – The other option was to set sail and seek their fortune in the newly discovered Americas!