Vocabulary Bos taurus domestic cattle originating from either

Vocabulary • Bos taurus- domestic cattle originating from either the Aurochs or the Celtic Shorthorn • Bos indicus-- humped cattle originating in tropical countries • Crossbreeding- the interbreeding of two or more different breeds of the same species of animal • Double muscling- an abnormal condition in some beef animals where muscle cells multiply or increase out of proportion to normal cells • Dual-purpose breed- cattle that are bred for both meat and milk production

Vocabulary • Horned- cattle that have horns carry the horned trait as a homozygous recessive condition • Hybrid vigor- increased growth rate often noted in cattle resulting from first-cross mating • Longevity- length of productive life • Polled-Naturally hornless • Progeny- the offspring or young of animals • Commercial cow/calf producer- producer of beef cattle primarily concerned w/ pounds of beef produced

Vocabulary • Purebred breeder- producer of beef herd sires or replacement heifers to be used by commercial cow/calf or other purebred breeders • Progeny testing- the testing of the offspring of individuals for various growth and carcass traits

Vocabulary • • • 11/19 1 st per. 11/19 6 th per. Bull- mature male cattle of breeding age Heifer- immature female cow Calf- baby cow Steer- castrated male Cow- mature female cattle of breeding age Bullock- male castrated after reaching sexual maturity

Angus

Angus • • • Originated in Northeast Scotland. Polled and moderate in size Solid red or black Only breed solely for beef Reputation for early maturity

Hereford

Hereford • Originated in Hereford England • Red with white markings • White face and white on the underline, flank, chest, switch, and below the knees • High yield of beef • Thick coat of hair

Polled Hereford

Polled Hereford • Originated in Iowa • Red with white markings: White face, white on the underline, flanks, crest, switch, breast, and below the knees. • Adequate in size • Ability to adapt and dependable for reproduction

Red Angus

Red Angus • • • Originated in Scotland Evolved from Black Angus Known for beef producing characteristics Ease in calving Good milking ability

Shorthorn

Shorthorn • • Originated in Durham, Northumberland They may be red or white, or both Good milking ability Excellent growth and carcass traits

Beefmaster

Beefmaster • Originated in Falfurias, Texas in 1908 • Red is the dominant color, but color is variable and disregarded • Known for weight, conformation, milking ability, fertility, hardness, and disposition • Majority are horned • Good milk producers w/heavy weaning weights

Brahman

Brahman • Originated in India • Gray or red is preferred, but there are brown, black, white, and spotted • Have a hump and long ears • Are known for heat tolerance, withstanding low temperatures, disease and insect resistance, resistance to bloating, good crossbreeding, and intelligence

Brangus

Brangus • • 1 st per. 11/20 6 th per. 11/20 Originated in Oklahoma 3/8 Brahman + 5/8 Angus cross Polled and black in color Slight crest over neck and smooth, sleek coat • Feeder cattle yield thick, high cutting carcasses

Santa Gertrudis

Santa Gertrudis • Originated in Texas • Named after Spanish land grant of Santa Gertudis • 5/8 Shorthorn & 3/8 Brahman • Can be red or cherry red • Generally horned, but they’re polled strains • Hair is short, straight and slick

Simbrah

Simbrah • Originated in the U. S. , mostly Texas • Purebred consists of 5/8 Simmental and 3/8 Brahman • Can be red, straw, or gray in color w/white intermixed • Known for fertility, hardiness, adaptability, rapid growth, heat tolerance, and longevity

Watusi

Watusi • Originated in Africa • Comes in all colors • Resistant to drought, direct sunlight, and heat • Digestive system can utilize poor quality and limited quantities of food and water

Charolais

Charolais • Originated in Charolais, France • Characteristics: – Light tan at birth – Change to a creamy white – Horned and have pink skin and mucous membranes • Noted for large size, growth thrust and bredin meat

Chianina

Chianina • Originated in the Chianina Valley, Tuscany Province in central Italy • Characteristics: – – Porcelain white hair Black switch Dark skin Horns and a narrow head • Largest breed of cattle in the world and known for trimness of middle and fineness of head

Gelbvieh

Gelbvieh • Originated in Bavaria • Characteristics: – Solid golden red to rust in color – Horned – Large, long-bodied, well-muscled and have high-quality carcasses • Known for excellence in growth, muscling, and marketability

Limousin

Limousin 1 st per. 11/21 • Originated in southwestern France • Characteristics: – Wheat to rust color – Lower in fat, cholesterol, and calories that average choice beef • Known for aggressiveness and fertile sires that produce calves with genetic ability to grow quickly and efficiently

Maine-Anjou

Maine-Anjou • Originated in French province of Maine and Anjou • Characteristics: – Dark red w/ white underline, often w/ small white patches, dark roans are found • Known for calving ease, high fertility performance, feed efficiency, carcass quality, udder quality, early maturity & good disposition

Salers

Salers 6 th per. 11/21 • Originated in south-central mountainous area of France • Characteristics: – Solid deep cherry red, w/ white switch and sometimes white spots under the belly – Oldest and most genetically pure of all European breeds • Known for calving ease, maternal efficiency and carcass merit

Simmental

Simmental • Originated in the Simme Valley of western Switzerland • Characteristics: – Red and white spotted – Dominant white face • Efficient producers of quality beef and adapt easily to severe weather conditions

Beefalo

Beefalo • Originated in California • 3/8 buffalo and 5/8 domestic cattle • Breed medium in size and can be assorted colors • Meat is higher in protein and lower in fat than domestic beef • Females have a production life of about twice that of domestic female cattle

Belted Galloway

Belted Galloway • Originated in Scotland • Black with a brownish tinge or dun with a white belt completely encircling the body between the shoulders and hooks • Breed produces high-quality meat, calves easily • has a regular breeding cycle and breeds back easily and quickly • Heavy coat of hair

Braford

Braford • Originated in Florida • Red or brindle, with white markings on the head and pigmentation around the eyes • Horned and polled strains • Short haired, heat tolerant, fertile and good milk producers • Have only a slight hump

Charbray

Charbray • Originated in Texas • ¾ Charolais 1/4 Brahman to 7/8 Charolais and 1/8 Brahman • Light tan at birth, usually changes to a creamy white in a few weeks • Known for easy calving, structural soundness, climatic adaptability, high rate of gain, quality lean beef

Corriente

Corriente • Originated in Mexico • Any color is acceptable except pure white • Known as sports cattle with high fertility rates, early maturity, trouble-free calving and foraging efficiency • Small, athletic animals with high stamina • Have heavy horns and a gentle disposition • Used for team roping, bull dogging, team penning and cutting

Romagnola

Romagnola • Originated in Italy • Are solid off-white to light gray • Bulls usually have a darker color of hair about the shoulders with black around the eyes and a black switch • Tongue, muzzle, body orifices, tail and hooves are black • Head appears to be short and horns are longer and sharper than in the other white breeds • In Italy , it is used for both milk and meat