Vocabulary and Functional Chunks for Gallic Wars Book

Vocabulary and Functional Chunks for Gallic Wars Book IV Chapters 3036. 1

Caesar, etsi idem quod superioribus diebus acciderat fore videbat even if Caesar was seeing that the same thing which had happened on previous days would be Nota Bene: fore is an alternative form of futurus esse

cohortes quae in statione erant secum in eam partem proficisci that the cohorts, which were on duty to set out with him into that part Nota Bene: porficisci is dep inf complimentary to later iussit

commisso proelio with the battle having been committed/ begun Nota Bene: ablative absolute

complures ex iis occiderunt they killed several out of them

cum et equites et naves et frumentum Romanis deesse intellegerent when they were understanding that the cavalry and the ships and the grain were lacking to the Romans Nota Bene: intellegerent is imp subj in a cum clause

de quo ante dictum est about whom before it has been said

deinde omnibus longe lateque aedificiis incensis then with all of the buildings far and wide having been burnt Nota Bene: ablative absolute

diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt ac terga verterunt the enemies were not able to bear the attack of our soldiers any longer, and they turned their backs

dum ea geruntur while these things are being waged

etsi nondum eorum consilia cognoverat even if he had not yet known their plans

fore id quod accidit suspicabatur he was suspecting that the thing which happened would be Nota Bene: fore is an alternative form of futurus esse

genus hoc est ex essedis pugnae the way of fighting from the charioteers is this

his rebus celeriter magna multitudine peditatus equitatusque coacta with a great multitude of infantry and horsemen having been forced/ brought together quickly by these things Nota Bene: ablative absolute

his superatis aut reditu interclusis neminem postea belli inferendi causa in Britanniam transiturum confidebant with these having been overcome of having been shut off from a return, they were confident that no one afterwards would cross into Britain for the sake of bringing on war Nota Bene: 2 abl abs; supply esse with transiturum making it fut inf in ind state; gerundive + causa exporesses “for the sake of…”

id quod erat suspicatus aliquid novi a barbaris initum consilii having suspected that which was – that something of a new plan had been entered/ initiated by the barbarians Nota Bene: supply esse with initum making it a past pass inf in ind state introduced by suspicatus

in perpetuum sui liberandi facultas daretur the opportunity was being given of freeing their own selves in perpetuity Nota Bene: sui liberandi is gerundive genitive phrase modifying facultas

inter se conlocuti having spoken between themselves

itaque ad omnes casus subsidia comparabat and so he was obtaining assistances/ safeguards to all misfortunes

itaque rursus coniuratione facta and so with the mutual loyalty having been made again Nota Bene: ablative absolute; coniuratio is understood here to have a different meaning than conspiracy

legione ex consuetudine una frumentatum missa one out of the legion had been sent from custom for grain Nota Bene: supply est after missa

legiones in acie pro castris constituit he set up the legions in a battle line in front of the camps

neque ulla ad id tempus belli suspicione interposita and with not any suspicion of war having been put between at that time Nota Bene: ablative absolute

obsides dare intermiserant they had left off/ neglected to give hostages

optimum factu esse duxerunt rebellione facta frumento commeatuque nostros prohibere et rem in hiemem producere they led that the best [thing] to do was, with the rebellion having been made, to prohibit ours from grain and from convoy, and to lead forward/ prolong the thing into the winter Nota Bene: factu is supine in the ablative with optimum expressing “the best thing to do…”

paucis interfectis reliquos incertis ordinibus perturbaverant with a few having been killed they disturbed the rest with their ranks uncertain Nota Bene: starts with an ablative absolute

paucitatem militum ex castrorum exiguitate cognoscerent they found out the fewness of the soldiers from the scantiness of the camp Nota Bene: cognoscerent is imp subj in a cum clause

paucitatemque nostrorum militum suis praedicaverunt they declared publicly to their own the paucity of our soldiers

paulatim ex castris discedere et suos clam ex agris deducere coeperunt they began to leave from their camps little by little and to secretly lead out their own from the fields

pulverem maiorem quam consuetudo ferret in ea parte videri quam in partem legio iter fecisset that a greater dust than habit brought was seen in that part into which part the legion had made a journey Nota Bene: part of an indirect statement with videri as inf

quae hoc erant etiam angustior quod sine impedimentis Caesar legiones transportaverat which because of this were also more narrow because Caesar had transported the legions without baggage

quanta praedae faciendae facultas daretur demonstraverunt they demonstrated how much opportunity was being given of making booty Nota Bene: praedae faciendae is gerundive genitive phrase modifying facultas

quibus rebus cognitis with these things having been found out Nota Bene: ablative absolute

quibus rebus perturbatis nostris with ours having been disturbed by which things Nota Bene: ablative absolute

quos tanto spatio secuti quantum cursu et viribus efficere potuerunt having followed which in such a space as much as they were able to effect with running and strength

se inde in currus citissime recipere consuerint from there they were accustomed to recover themselves with the greatest celerity into the chariot Nota Bene: consuerint is perf subj in result clause

secutae sunt continuos complures dies tempestates storms followed for several continuous days

si essent hostes pulsi, celeritate periculum effugerent if the enemies had been beaten, by their speed they would flee the danger Nota Bene: essent pulsi is pluperf pass subj in conditional, effugerent is imp subj in a kind of result clause that explains an earlier statement

si illi a multitudine hostium premantur, expeditum ad quos receptum habeant if those ones are being pressed by the multitude of the enemies, they might have an expedited drawing back to which Nota Bene: habeant is pres subj in purpsioe clause

simul equitatu atque essedis circumdederant at the same time they surrounded them with horsemen and chariots

strepitu rotarum ordines plerumque perturbant by the noise of the wheels they generally disturb the ranks Nota Bene: plerumque here is adv translated generally

suos ab hostibus premi atque aegre sustinere that his own were being pressed upon by the enemies, and sickly were sustaining Nota Bene: premi is pass inf and sustinere is act inf in ind state

suspicati hostes huc nostros esse venturos having suspected that ours were about to come here Nota Bene: esse venturos is fut inf in ind state introduced by suspicati

tempore oportunissimo Caesar auxilium tulit at that time, Caesar most opportunely brought help

tum dispersos depositis armis in metendo occupatos subito adorti then they suddenly attacked those having been dispersed, with their arms having been put down, having been occupied in harvesting Nota Bene: adorti is the main participle, taking dispersos and occupatos as its obj – they themselves are substansive; there’s a nested ab; abs; also the gerundive abl metendo