Vocabulary and Functional Chunks for Gallic Wars Book

Vocabulary and Functional Chunks for Gallic Wars Book IV, Chapters 24 -29

ad latus apertum hostium constitui to be stationed towards the open side of the enemies

aliae eodem unde erant profectae referrentur some were carried back to the same [port] from where they had set out

audacter tela coicerent et equos insuefactos incitarent were boldly throwing weapons and were urging on their accustomed horses Nota Bene: 2 verbs are imp subj in cum clause

complurbus navibus fractis with several ships having been broken Nota Bene: ablative absolute

consilio Romanorum cognito with the plan of the Romans having been found out Nota Bene: ablative absolute

cum illi aut ex arido aut paulum in aquam progressi while those ones, wither from dry ground or having proceeded a little into the water

ego certe meum rei publicae atque imperatori officium praestitero I certainly will have provided my duty for the Republic and for the commander Nota Bene: chiasmus

huius omnino generis pugnae imperiti completely unskilled of this kind of fight

ignotis locis in unknown places

impeditis manibus with their hands having been impeded Nota Bene: ablative absolute

in aridum subduxerat he had drawn up onto the dry ground

in hostes impetum fecerunt atque eos in fugam dederunt they made an attack on the enemies and they gave them into flight

ita uno tempore et longas naves aestus complebat in this way at the same time both the tide was filling the long ships

magno et gravi onere armorum oppressis having been oppressed with a great and heavy burden of arms Nota Bene: remember –i ending for 3 rd decl abl

militubus autem simul et de navibus desiliendum et in fluctibus consistendum et cum hostibus erat pugnandum the soldiers however at the same time had to jump down from the ships and stand in the waves and fight with the enemies Nota Bene: militibus is dat of agent in 3 gerundive clauses, while erat is understood in all three expressing “must” or “had to”

naves longas quarum et species erat barbaris inusitatior et motus ad usum expedetior the long ships/ galleys of which both the appearance was more unusual to the barbarians and the motion was more expeditious to use

naves propter magnitudinem nisi in alto constitui non poterant the ships, on account of their magnitude were not able to be stationed except in the deep

neque ordines servare neque firmiter insistere poterant they were able neither to save the ranks nor to stand firmly

neque ulla nostris facultas aut administrandi aut auxiliandi dabatur nor was any ability given to ours either of managing or of helping Nota Bene: gerundives in gen

nisi vultis aquilam hostibus prodere unless you wish to hand over the eagle to the enemies

non eadem alacritate ac studio quo in pedestribus uti proeliis consuerant utebantur they were not using the same alacrity and eagerness which they had been accustomed to use in foot battles

nostros navibus egredi probibebant they were preventing ours from leaving from the ships Nota Bene: prohibeo + inf egredi = prevent from leaving

ob has causas on account of these causes

obsides sese daturos quaeque imperasset facturos polliciti sunt they promised they themselves were going to give hostages and they were going to do that which he had ordered Nota Bene: supply esse with daturos and facturos making them fut inf in ind state; imperasset is syncopated imperavisset, pluperf subj in rel clause inside ind state

omnia deerant quae ad reficiendas naves erant usui all things which were for the use for the purpose of repairing the ships were lacking Nota Bene: ad + gerundive expresses for the purpose of

omnibus membris expeditis with all of their limbs having been set free Nota Bene: ablative absolute

onerarias tempestas afflicatabat the storm was afflicting the burdencarrying vessels

plures paucos circumsistebant several were surrounding a few Nota Bene: antithesis and alliteration in a larger asyndeton emphasizing the Roman situation

praemisso equitatu et essedariis with their cavalry and their charioteers having been sent forward Nota Bene: ablative absolute

pugnatum est ab utrisque acriter it was fought fiercely by both sides

quae ad ancoras erant deligatae which had been tied to anchors

quae res magno usui nostris fuit which thing was of great use to ours Nota Bene: double dative; first dat expressing respect/ of…

quem supra demonstraveram whom I had shown above

quibus Caesar exercitum transpotandum curaverat by which Caesar had taken care that the army be transported Nota Bene: gerundive with curare expresses the idea of getting something done – take care that … be …

quo plerumque gernere in proeliis uti consuerunt in which kind they became accustomed to use frequently in battles Nota Bene: quo with genere in abl; plerumque as adv

quod ubi Caesar animadvertit which, when Caesar turned his attention

quos laborantes conspexerant his subsidia submittebat he was sending under assistance for these whom he had caught sight of laboring

reliquae cum essent funibus, ancoris reliquisque armamentis amissis ad navidandum inutiles while the rest were useless for the purpose of sailing with their ropes, anchors, and tackle having been lost from the rest Nota Bene: reliquae belongs within the cum clause; essent is imp subj in cum clause; ad navidandum is gerundive expressing purpose; funibus… amissis is abl absolute nested w/in cum clause

reliquis copiis subsecuti having followed with the remainder of their forces

statim ad Caesarem legatos de pace miserunt immediately they sent legates to Caesar about peace

tanta tempestas subito coorta est ut nulla earum cursum tenere posset so great a storm suddenly arose that none were able to hold their course Nota Bene: posset is imp subj in result clause