Vocabulary 916 homeostasis 917 stimulus 918 hydra I

Vocabulary 9/16 – homeostasis 9/17 – stimulus 9/18 - hydra I can …. 9/16 – describe a behavioral adaptation of an owl 9/17 – name the kingdom yeast belong 9/18 – describe why yeast makes bread rise

Properties of Life 2007 -2008 What characteristics do living creatures have in common?

Living(BIOTIC) - organisms must have all 7 characteristics of life(living and dead). Dead – organism once had the 7 characteristics of life but now doesn’t. It is Considered to be LIVING!!!! Nonliving(ABIOTIC) - things do not have all 7 characteristics.

How would you know if this is living?

Roles in Ecosystem 1. 2. 3. 4. Decomposer – break down plant material. Parasite – Infect plants and animals(ringworm). Animal disease Lichens – Mutualistic relationship between a photsynthetic organism and a fungus. Plant makes the energy and fungus breaks down the nutrients in the environment and they share.

All living things share some basic properties. üCellular Organization üReproduction üMetabolism (Obtain and Use Energy) üHomeostasis üHeredity üResponsiveness üGrowth and Development üAdapt Through Evolution

Smallest unit capable of all life functions Unicellular Organisms üEntire organism is made up of one single cell üBacteria and protists

Multicellular Organisms üThe organism is made up of many cells üCells have specialized functions within the organism

Eukaryotic Cell

Unicellular – one celled

Multi-cellular

In multi-cellular organisms, the cells specialize to perform specific functions(bone cells, skin cells, muscle cells, root cells, leaf cells). Smooth muscle Nerve cell Leaf cell Yeast cell Red Blood Cell

Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic – Contains a nuclear membrane around their DNA. All kingdoms except archaebacteria and eubacteria!!!! • Prokaryotic – No nuclear membrane – all bacteria

Prokaryotic Cell

Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type Asexual Reproduction üA single parent organism reproducing by itself

Asexual Reproduction – NO joining of sperm and egg!!!!

Sexual reproduction – combination of sperm and egg

Sexual Reproduction üTwo different parent organisms contribute genetic information üInvolves the combination of male and female sex cells

Living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduce

Autotrophs(producers) – use the Sun’s energy to make glucose!! Produce their own food!

Photosynthesis – process where plants convert Sun’s energy and carbon dioxide into glucose

Heterotrophs(consumers) – must consumer food for energy!

A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for life üBody temperature üBlood volume üp. H balance üWater balance

Homeostasis • Your body maintains a constant internal and external physical and chemical conditions. Everything is happy!! Goldilocks – Just Right!!!

Homeostasis Dogs pant, you run a fever, sweat, or shiver, cell membranes control amount of water and waste in and out of cell, ETC

Genes carry hereditary information Genes are composed of DNA Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation

Organisms react to stimuli: üLight üTemperature üOdor üSound üGravity üHeat üWater üPressure An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light

ALL LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO A STIMULI Living things respond to immediate and long-term changes in their environment(shiver when cold, change fur color, bend toward light).

Stimulus – something in organism’s environment that causes a response

Growth means to get bigger in size

ALL LIVING THINGS GROW AND DEVELOP To grow means to get bigger and to get bigger; more cells must be added. To increase numbers of cells, cell division must occur. Develop means to change into an adult(mature).

Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism

Development - mature

Adaptation üA process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment ü Species obtain adaptations through evolution over great periods of time

ALL LIVING THINGS CHANGE TO FIT THEIR ENVIRONMENT(ADAPT) Organisms must adapt to their changing environment or become extinct. Adaptations occur over a very long period of time(millions of years).

Adaptation – Inherited trait that is passed from parent to offspring that helps an organism survive in its environment

An Example of Adaptation Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water loss

ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE DNA provides instructions for making molecules called proteins. Proteins build cells. DNA carries the genetic material from parent to offspring(heredity).

DNA – molecule that stores genetic information