VME Bus Vinay Shet Introduction VME Versa Module

VME Bus Vinay Shet

Introduction • VME - Versa Module Europa • Flexible, open-ended bus system using the Eurocard Standard • Introduced by Motorola, Mostek and Signetics in 1981 • It was intended to be a flexible environment, supporting a variety of computing intensive tasks. • Defined in IEEE 1014 -1987 standard

Introduction • In 1981, Motorola decided to second source the MC 68000 microprocessor chip • Motorola proposed the use of VERSA bus backplane • However, the others rejected this proposal saying that the VERSA bus board size was much too large • In response, Motorola proposed that they use the (much smaller) Eurocard board instead

Introduction • VERSA bus electrical specifications and Eurocard mechanical specifications

VME bus features • Master / slave architecture Functional unit called MASTER Data Functional unit called SLAVE • Since multiple Masters can reside on the bus, it is a MULTIPROCESSING bus • Can take from 1 to 21 Masters

VME bus features • Asynchronous bus – there is no central synchronization clock (uses handshaking protocol) Data MASTER SLAVE Address Control signals MASTER SLAVE DTACK MASTER • Advantages? SLAVE

VME bus features • Addressing • Provides variety of address spaces and data widths – Dynamic address and data sizing • Makes no distinction between IO space and Memory space • Uses three address spaces • • 16 -bit (A 16) 24 -bit (A 24) 32 -bit (A 32) 6 bit address modifier code is used to distinguish between these address spaces

VME bus features 1. Data Transfer 1. Provides variety of data widths – Dynamic data sizing 2. Data transfer sizes can be 1. 8 -bit 2. 16 -bit 3. 32 -bit 3. Data transfer cycles can be Single Cycle or Block Transfer 4. Single Cycle – Address is sent with each data transfer 5. Block Transfer – one address is sent with multiple data transfers

VME bus features • Data Transfer Cycles • Single cycles – D 8(O), D 8(EO), D 16, D 32 and MD 32 • Block Transfer – BLT, MBLT, A 40 BLT • Mixing different address and data widths • You can use different address and data widths based on the application • Common examples • A 16/D 8(O) – simple IO boards • A 32/D 32 – high performance modules

VME bus features • Data Transfer Speed Topology Bus Cycle Maximum Speed VMEbus IEEE-1014 BLT 40 Mbyte/sec VME 64 MBLT 80 Mbyte/sec VME 64 x 2 e. VME 160 Mbyte/sec VME 320 2 e. SST 320 - 500+ Mbyte/sec

VME bus features • Byte Ordering • VME bus does not specify byte ordering • Most devices use the Motorola model which is big endian, but the Digital model is little endian • Two models are provided to accomplish byte swapping • VMS bus adapter • Software interfaces

VME bus features • Interrupts Vectors • VME bus interrupt vectors range from 0 x 00 to 0 x. FF, inclusive. • The bus adapter consumes some of these adapters and area not available to the device drivers • Interrupt Priorities • Seven interrupt priorities (IRQ 1 through IRQ 7 – IRQ 7 highest priority)

VME bus features 1. Bus Arbitration 1. With single master, life is easy – when system boots, the master asks for the bus, gets it and keeps it. 2. VME provides 4 separate bus request levels 3. Two or more masters can request the bus at the same time on the same request level 4. If multiple requests on same level then proximity to slot one is used to determine who will get the bus

VME bus features • Bus Arbitration • E. g M(3) and M(7) request on level 1 at same time M(3) will get the bus first • M(7) has to wait until M(3) has finished and then assuming no one form slot 1 – 6 requests then M(7) gets bus • Arbitration is done by the System Controller – always resides in slot 1

VME bus features • Bus Arbitration • Arbitration can be set up in • Priority mode • Round robin mode • Single level mode • Releasing the bus • RWD – Release when done • ROR – Release on request (usually implemented in H/W hence faster)

VME bus features 1. Bus Arbitration 1. Fairness 1. In heavily loaded system, first four boards can hog the bus and starve the rest. 2. To prevent this – bus requesters are programmed to request bus only when bus request lines are not asserted – Fairness 3. This ensures that all boards – even in a heavily loaded system – eventually get the bus

VME bus features • Live insertion capability • Electronic module can be removed and inserted in the system when the power is on • Also known as Hot Swap • Typical Board de-allocation Process • System admin software disables new connections to board’s device driver • System waits for all connections to terminate or forces existing connections to terminate

VME bus features 1. VMEbus System Controller 1. Resides in slot 1 2. Bus Arbitration 3. Provides 16 MHz system clock (SYSCLK) 4. Provides the interrupt acknowledge (IACK) daisy chain driver 2. VMEbus Daisy Chains 1. Five daisy chain signals on VME bus – four used for bus arbitration and one for interrupt acknowledge 2. Bus arbitration done using 4 bus request lines and 4 bus grant in/out lines

VME bus features • VME bus standard specifies two board sizes • 3 U – 100 mm x 160 mm – one connector P 1 • 6 U – 233. 5 mm x 160 mm – two connectors P 1, P 2 • VME bus P 2/J 2 user defined pins

VME bus features • Summary of features Item Specification Notes Architecture Master/slave Transfer Mechanism Asynchronous, with both multiplexed and nonmultiplexed bus cycles. There is no central synchronization clock. Addressing Range 16, 24, 32, 40 or 64 -bit Address path width selected dynamically. Data Path Width 8, 16, 24, 32 or 64 -bit Data path width selected dynamically. Data Transfer Rate 0 - 500+ Mbyte/sec See Table

VME bus features • Summary of features Interrupts 7 levels Priority interrupt system with 8, 16 or 32 -bit STATUS/ID (interrupt vector). Multiprocessing Capability 1 - 21 processors Flexible bus arbitration with true peer-to-peer multiprocessing. Item Specification Architecture Master/slave Transfer Mechanism Asynchronous, with both multiplexed and nonmultiplexed bus cycles. There is no central synchronization clock. Addressing Range 16, 24, 32, 40 or 64 -bit Address path width selected dynamically. Notes

VME bus features • Summary of features Data Path Width 8, 16, 24, 32 or 64 -bit Data path width selected dynamically. Data Transfer Rate 0 - 500+ Mbyte/sec Interrupts 7 levels Priority interrupt system with 8, 16 or 32 -bi STATUS/ID (interrupt vector). Multiprocessing Capability 1 - 21 processors Flexible bus arbitration with true peer-to-pe multiprocessing. Live Insertion Capability Yes Using optional standards. Control & Status Registers (Plug & Play Support) Yes Under VME 64 & VME 64 x See Table

VME bus features • Summary of features Mechanical Standard 3 U single-height Eurocard 6 U double-height Eurocard 9 U (optional standard) 160 x 100 mm Eurocard 160 x 233 mm Eurocard 367 x 400 mm Eurocard User Defined I/O Yes Through the Front Panel and P 2/J 2 User Defined Pins Conduction Cooled Version (Military) Yes Under IEEE 1101. 2 Maximum Number of Card Slots in Backplane 21 The number of cards is limited by how many boards, located on 0. 8" centers, can be placed into a 19" rack panel.

Original VME bus spec • • • MASTER/SLAVE architecture Asynchronous bus Variable speed handshaking protocol Non-multiplexed bus Addressing range between 16 and 32 bits Data path widths of between 8 and 32 bits Bandwidths of up to 40 Mbyte/sec Multiprocessing capability Interrupt capability

Original VME bus spec • Wide variety of mechanical hardware based on the IEEE 1101 standard • Up to 21 card slots can be used in a single backplane

VME 64 features • Larger, 64 -bit data path for 6 U boards • Larger, 64 -bit addressing range for 6 U boards • 32 -bit data and 40 bit addressing modes for 3 U boards • Twice the bandwidth (up to 80 Mbytes/sec) • Lower noise connector system • Cycle retry capability • Bus LOCK cycle • First slot detector

VME 64 features • Automatic plug-n-play features • Configuration ROM / CSR capability • Re-definition of SERCLK and SERDAT pins

VME 64 x features • • • A new 160 pin connector family A 95 pin P 0/J 0 connector 3. 3 V power supply pins More +5 VDC power supply pins Geographical addressing Higher bandwidth bus cycles 141 more user defined pins Rear plug-in units Live insertion / hot swap capability Injector / ejector locking handles

VME bus software • VME bus has the lasrgest software base of any computer architecture • There are 103 known commercial operating systems running on VME bus – other propreitary Operating systems are also known to exist

VME bus architecture • VME architecture is usually described interms of its functional modules • See table 3

VME bus architecture • Various functional units communicate with each other over five sub-buses • See table 4

VME bus architecture • Bus cycles are impressed upon the subbuses • The standard VME bus cycle is the READ/WRITE cycle. • See table 5

Multi Crate operation • Max size of VME bus backplanes is 21 slots • If more slots are needed there are two ways of achieving this • Use a VME bus-to-VME bus bridge cardset • Use a pair of “reflective memory” card

Applications • • • Industrial Control Military Aerospace Transportation Telecom Simulation Medical High energy physics General business

Links • IEEE 1014 -1987 standard specification • www. vita. com/vmefaq • www. hitex. com/automation/FAQ/vmefaq