VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY insufficient solar irradiation of animals

VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY • insufficient solar irradiation of animals or their feed • Poor appetite and growth • in advanced cases: osteodystrophy

• subclinical vitamin D deficiency

• complexity of the relations between calcium, phosphorus, and the vitamin and their common association with protein and other deficiencies in the diet

• Dietary vitamin D

• In winter , on lush green

PATHOGENESIS

• Vitamin D 2 is present in sun-cured hay

• renal disease

Calcium : phosphorus ratio • 1: 1 to 2: 1 • Vit d deficiency is important in an imbalance ratio • maintenance of efficiency of food utilization and a calorigenic action • immune function

CLINICAL FINDINGS • reduced productivity • decrease in appetite and efficiency of food utilization cause poor weight gains in growing stock and poor productivity in adults • lameness in the late stages • clinical rickets may occur in youngs with cases of osteomalacia in adults

CLI NICAL PATHOLOGY • Serum calcium and phosphorus • ALP • Plasma vitamin D

TREATMENT • vitamin D • Adequate calcium and phosphorus in the diet

RICKETS • Rickets is a disease of young, growing animals characterized by defective calcification of growing bone • failure of provisional calcification with persistence of hypertrophic cartilage and enlargement of the epiphyses of long bones and the costochondral junctions (so-called rachitic rosary)