Vitamin B 1 in Camels Vitamin B 1

Vitamin B 1 in Camels

Vitamin B 1 (thiamine)(Aneurin) Chemical properties. Where can we found it? Vitamin B 1 & chemical interaction. Thiamine pathway inside the camel. Thiamine derivatives (TMP)(TDP)(ATDP)(TTP)(ATTP)(free Thiamine). • Methods of thiamine analysis. • • •

Importance of thiamine • • Metabolism of carbohydrates & proteins and fats. ATP production. Myelin sheath production. Anti-stress. Electrolyte balance. Life spam of RBCs. Pregnant camel.

Vitamin B 1 deficiency in camel Polio. Enchephalo. Malacia (PEM) • Origin of the name • Deficiency depend on (purpose of breading & age & sex & type of production).

Average thiamine in camel blood

Average thiamine in blood of camel (39 ± 11. 5 µg/L). Minimum average of thiamine in blood of camel that clinical signs of PEM appear below it (20 ± 10. 4 µg/L).

Polioencephalomalacia • Definition. • Predisposing causes. Impaction thapendazole Purgatives Toxic plants Antibiotic magnesium Sulphur milk NSAIDs Amprolium Selenium toxicity Lead toxicity stress B. cereus

• • Geographical distributions. Susceptible camels. Morbidity and mortality percent. Pathogeneses.

Clinical signs Acute Sub acute Chronic

Wry neck disease

Polioencephalomalacia in young camel

Clinical signs Acute Sub acute Chronic

• PM signs. • Diagnosis: 1 - case history. 2 - clinical signs. 3 - differential diagnosis. 4 - laboratory diagnosis.

Laboratory diagnosis • Hematology (WBCs & Neutrophile). • Biochemistry(Liver enzymes & Mg). • Water and food analysis (Sulphur). • B 1 analysis: 1 - Erythrocyte Transketolase Activation Assay (ETAA). 2 - High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Treatment • Primary: 1 - vitamin B 1 injection. 2 - corticosteroid injection. 3 - B complex injection. 4 - maintenance by vitamin B 1 powder with magnesium. • Secondary: 1 - antacid. 2 - fluid thereby. 3 - antibiotic. 4 - purgatives. 5 - stop using water containing high sulphur. 6 - stop using medicines causing B 1 deficiency.

Prevention • • Nutrition correction. Not using antibiotic that kill the rumen flora. Not using NSAIDs for long time. Amprolium, thiapendazole, sulphur, lead, selenium. Water sources. Poisonous plants. Bacillus vaccination (R/Neobacter). Periodical laboratory tests.

Racing camel • Importance of vitamin B 1 for racing camel. • Uses. • Research for B 1 analysis in racing camel in Dubai.

250 200 150 Group A Group B Group C Group D 100 50 ﺍﻻﻳﺎﻡ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Group Time of test Results (µg/L) Percent of change % A After 15 hours 79 9↓ After 24 hours 72 After 15 hours 66 After 24 hours 70. 6 After 15 hours 80. 3 After 24 hours 95. 5 After 15 hours 198 After 24 hours 170 B C D 7↑ 19↑ 14↓

Racing camel recommendations • • Perminant source of oral B 1 (R/Karma – R/ Ultra B 1). Periodical B 1 injection. Periodical B 1 laboratory test. Using by low concentration before racing. Using of bicarbonate salts. Average B 1 in blood by (HPLC) = (56 ± 12 µg/L) Average border line for B 1 deficiency by (HPLC) = (21 ± 10. 4 µg/L).

Dr. Medhat Elshemy