Vital Statistics Dr Manish Rana Assistant Prof Dept

Vital Statistics Dr. Manish Rana Assistant Prof. Dept of Community Medicine GMERS Medical College, Sola Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Learning Objectives What is Fertility Factors affecting fertility Fertility Related statistics

Fertility Actual bearing of child Also known as Natality Women's reproductive life: – 15 to 45 years (49 yrs) Reproductive life: – 30 years

Factors affecting fertility Higher fertility in India is attributable to – Universality of marriage Lower age at marriage Low level of literacy Poor level of living Limited use of contraceptives Traditional ways of life 1. Child is a gift of God 2. Desire for male child

Age at Marriage Lower age at marriage (17. 2 yrs) Higher age at marriage Average at marriage for females Prior to 1951: – 13 In 2006: – 20. 5 Child marriage restraint act Rural & urban differences

Duration of married life 1 -5 years of married life – 10 -25 % of births 5 – 15 years of life – 50 -55 % of births Target eligible couples in early years of married life

Nutrition Well fed societies & poorly fed societies Indirect relation between nutrition & Fertility

Spacing of children Spacing of 2 births by at least 3 years

Family Planning Better implementation of family planning programme Developed & developing countries

Other Factors Place of women in society Widow remarriages Breast feeding Custom & beliefs Industrialization & Urbanization Better health conditions Local community involvement

Fertility Related Statistics

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) Number of live births during the year × 1000 Estimated midyear population Total Rural Urban India 22. 5 24. 1 18. 3 Gujarat 22. 3 23. 8 19. 3 Kerala 14. 7 14. 6 14. 9

General Fertility Rate (GFR) No. of live births in an area in a year × Midyear female population age (15 – 44) in the same area in the same year If CBR is 25 what is the GFR? 1000

General Marital Fertility rate (GMFR) No. of live births in a year × Midyear married female population in the age group (15 – 44) in same year 1000

Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) No. of live births in a particular age group Midyear female population of the same age Group in same year × 1000

Trends in ASFR 250 200 150 100 50 0 15 -19 20 -24 25 -29 30 -34 35 -39 40 -44 45 -49 NFHS 3 NFHS 2 NFHS 1

Age Specific Marital Fertility Rate (ASMFR) No. of live births in a particular age group Midyear married female population of the same age group in same year × 1000

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 45 - 49 TFR = 5 × Σ ASFR 15 – 19 . 1000 TFR is the average no. of children a woman would have if she were to pass through her reproductive life bearing children at the same rates as women now in each group.

Trends in Total Fertility by Residence 4 3 NFHS 1 T 2 F R 1 0 NFHS 2 NFHS 3 Urban Rural Total Residence

Educational status (Years of schooling completed) TFR No education 3. 6 < 5 years 2. 5 5 -7 years 2. 5 8 -9 years 2. 2 10 -11 years 2. 1 12 years or > 1. 8

TFR & Wealth Index 4 3 TFR 2 1 0 Lowest Second Middle Wealth Index Fourth Highest

TFR & Religion. . . 0 1 2 TFR 3 4

TFR & Caste 4 T F R 3 2 1 0 SC ST Caste OBC Others Don’t Know

Total Marital Fertility Rate (TFR) 45 - 49 TMFR = 5 × Σ ASMFR 15 – 19 1000 .

Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) 45 - 49 GRR = 5 × Σ ASFR for female live births 15 – 19 . 1000 Average no. of girls that would be born to woman if she experiences current fertility pattern throughout her reproductive life assuming no mortality

Net Reproduction Rate Average no. of daughters that a newborn girl will bear during her lifetime assuming fixed age specific fertility & mortality rates

Recap What is Fertility Factors affecting fertility Fertility Related statistics