Visualizing Relationships with DATA Earthquakes Volcanoes and Plate

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Visualizing Relationships with DATA: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics Ruth Powers (UNAVCO Master Teaching-in-Residence);

Visualizing Relationships with DATA: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Tectonics Ruth Powers (UNAVCO Master Teaching-in-Residence); Becca Walker and Shelley Olds (UNAVCO)

Activity Outcomes Learners should be able to… • Describe how the locations of earthquakes,

Activity Outcomes Learners should be able to… • Describe how the locations of earthquakes, volcanoes, and plate motions from GPS velocity vectors inform us about plate boundary zones • Describe and draw a velocity vector • Analyze regional plate motion and crustal deformation based on velocity vector maps • Describe the difference between a plate boundary and plate boundary zone 2

Part 1: Prepare Your Map for Study Go to: http: //www. unavco. org/ Click

Part 1: Prepare Your Map for Study Go to: http: //www. unavco. org/ Click on Education then Map Tools, then Earth. Scope Voyager Jr. 3

Getting Oriented to the Map 4

Getting Oriented to the Map 4

Getting Oriented to the Map 5

Getting Oriented to the Map 5

Zoom Into the Western U. S. Click on map to zoom in Zoom into

Zoom Into the Western U. S. Click on map to zoom in Zoom into the United States Zoom into the Western United States

Add Political Lat/Long under Add Features Add political boundaries and latitude/longitude lines 7

Add Political Lat/Long under Add Features Add political boundaries and latitude/longitude lines 7

Part 2: Compare Earthquake and Volcano Locations • Work with a partner • Follow

Part 2: Compare Earthquake and Volcano Locations • Work with a partner • Follow the instructions: o o o Add your feature (hold ctrl- or command-key to keep the Political, Lat/Long) Study your map Answer the questions Draw the locations of your feature Share your findings • Stop at Part 3

Earthquake and Volcano Distribution

Earthquake and Volcano Distribution

Earthquakes and Volcanoes Discussion: A. What geographic features (mountains, plains, valleys, etc) are frequently

Earthquakes and Volcanoes Discussion: A. What geographic features (mountains, plains, valleys, etc) are frequently where there are only: § Earthquakes? § Volcanoes? B. In which regions do you find earthquakes and volcanoes near each other? What’s there? C. Summarize the relationships you discovered. C. What explanation can you provide for the observed relationships?

Part 3: Examine GPS Vector Data GPS station positions change as plates move. A

Part 3: Examine GPS Vector Data GPS station positions change as plates move. A B How will GPS Station B’s position change relative to GPS Station A? GPS stations are not to scale

Part 3: Examine GPS Vector Data GPS station positions change as plates move. A

Part 3: Examine GPS Vector Data GPS station positions change as plates move. A B GPS Station B is moving toward A. GPS stations are not to scale

Anatomy of a High-precision Permanent GPS Station GPS antenna inside of dome Monument solidly

Anatomy of a High-precision Permanent GPS Station GPS antenna inside of dome Monument solidly attached into the ground with braces. If the ground moves, the station moves. Solar panel for power Equipment enclosure • GPS receiver • Power/batteries • Communications/ radio/ modem • Data storage/ memory 13

Introduction: GPS Basics • Three satellite signals are needed to locate the receiver in

Introduction: GPS Basics • Three satellite signals are needed to locate the receiver in 3 D space. • The fourth satellite is used for time accuracy. • Position can be calculated within a sub -centimeter. • Needs ground control and time quality

Demonstration Pinpoint Location With GPS How to demonstrate this: http: //www. youtube. co m/watch?

Demonstration Pinpoint Location With GPS How to demonstrate this: http: //www. youtube. co m/watch? feature=play er_embedded&v=s_C ei. Mj. O 5 Pc#!

One way to find your location – 4 intersecting spheres One satellite, the GPS

One way to find your location – 4 intersecting spheres One satellite, the GPS could be anywhere on the edge of the sphere. Two satellites, GPS could be on the circle where spheres intersect. 3 satellites: spheres intersect in 2 places. 4 satellites, spheres intersect

One way to find your location – 4 intersecting spheres With one GPS satellite,

One way to find your location – 4 intersecting spheres With one GPS satellite, the GPS receiver could be anywhere on the edge of the sphere. With two GPS satellites, the GPS receiver could be on the circle where spheres intersect. With three GPS satellites, the GPS receiver could be two places where the spheres intersect. With four GPS satellites, the spheres intersection in one place.

About Velocity Vectors • Length of the vector arrow = how fast the plate

About Velocity Vectors • Length of the vector arrow = how fast the plate is moving (magnitude). • Direction of the vector arrow = the direction that the plate is moving at that GPS station • Tail of vector = location of GPS station 18

Add Features and Velocity Vectors

Add Features and Velocity Vectors

Part 3 continued: Sketch and Study the Vectors • Sketch some of the observed

Part 3 continued: Sketch and Study the Vectors • Sketch some of the observed velocity vectors on your map of the Western United States • Answer questions on page 8 • Discuss with your teammate • Bonus: How would you characterize the width of the plate boundaries on your map? • Based on your data, which plate boundaries should be shown as a thin line or a zone? Why?

Part 4: Put It All Together 21

Part 4: Put It All Together 21

Neighboring Frames of Reference: North America Reference frame Pacific plate reference frame The rest

Neighboring Frames of Reference: North America Reference frame Pacific plate reference frame The rest of the world’s plates move, while the North America plate stays fixed. The world moves compared to the Pacific plate

Quick Reference:

Quick Reference:

Quick Reference

Quick Reference

Quick Reference: Convergent Boundary Longer vectors running into shorter vectors

Quick Reference: Convergent Boundary Longer vectors running into shorter vectors

Quick Reference:

Quick Reference:

Quick Reference:

Quick Reference:

Quick Reference: Transform Boundary Longer vectors parallel to shorter vectors

Quick Reference: Transform Boundary Longer vectors parallel to shorter vectors

Quick Reference

Quick Reference

Quick Reference

Quick Reference

Quick Reference: Divergent Boundary Example 1 Example 2 Vectors pointing away from each other

Quick Reference: Divergent Boundary Example 1 Example 2 Vectors pointing away from each other

What’s this plate boundary?

What’s this plate boundary?

Divergent Boundary

Divergent Boundary

Can you name the boundary types?

Can you name the boundary types?

Part 4: Sketch and Study the Modeled Vectors • Sketch vectors where they are

Part 4: Sketch and Study the Modeled Vectors • Sketch vectors where they are very different from each other • Draw where you believe the plate boundaries are located • Compare with plate boundaries in Earth. Scope Voyager Jr. • Answer questions • Discuss with your teammate

Plate Boundaries Along the West Coast 36

Plate Boundaries Along the West Coast 36

Thinking of Boundaries as Zones 37

Thinking of Boundaries as Zones 37

Global Motion

Global Motion

Wrap Up What we did: • Explored locations of earthquakes and volcanoes • Compared

Wrap Up What we did: • Explored locations of earthquakes and volcanoes • Compared plate motion between the Pacific Northwest and California • Determined plate boundary zones using multiple lines of evidence: ØGround motion using GPS vector maps Ø Locations of § Earthquakes § Volcanoes

Other Tools to Explore • UNAVCO GPS, Earthquake, Volcano Viewer o http: //www. unavco.

Other Tools to Explore • UNAVCO GPS, Earthquake, Volcano Viewer o http: //www. unavco. org/software/visualization/G PS-Velocity-Viewer/GPS-Velocity-Viewer. html o Google search: unavco GPS Velocity Viewer • IRIS Earthquake Browser o www. iris. edu. ieb 40

Thank You! Contact: education unavco. org http: //www. unavco. org/ Follow UNAVCO on _______

Thank You! Contact: education unavco. org http: //www. unavco. org/ Follow UNAVCO on _______ Facebook Twitter