Viruses Beneficial Infectious and Vaccines BY BEN STODDARD

Viruses: Beneficial, Infectious and Vaccines BY: BEN STODDARD, JOSH YANG, AND TARUN METLA

Overview Viruses can be both harmful and beneficial Viruses can be prevented Pennsylvania has vaccine requirements for students DNA stores/ transmits genetic information Why parents choose TO or NOT TO vaccinate Active and Passive Transport

Beneficial Viruses Harmful Viruses Need that infect bacteria are bacteriophages An instance of this being beneficial is in mucus living cell to reproduce, often destroying the living cell Can cause common cold, and HIV Pathogen: disease-causing agent BS

Viral Prevention Vaccines Created prevent viral infections in 1769 by Edward Jenner for small pox Today, we can vaccinate anthrax, rabies, tuberculosis, polio, hepatitis, and influenza BS

Viral Treatment Cannot be treated with antibiotics Limited progress has been made for antiviral drugs These antivirals work by targeting specific enzymes Antivirals only work for specific viruses BS

Influenza Vaccines (Flu shot) Influenza can lead to hospitalization and even death Cause antibodies to form after two weeks Most prevent for three viruses, but some prevent four BS

State Vaccine Requirements for Students in PA Must have required vaccinations before first day of school If not, may not be able to start school Required vaccinations: Ø Tetanus Ø Diphtheria Ø Acellular pertussis Ø Measles Ø Mumps JY

More Required Vaccinations Rubella Hepatitis B Chickenpox Polio Schools may not follow through with some Requirements vary JY

What Occurs in the Body When Received a Vaccination? Immune system sends out antibodies, white blood cells, and phagocytes Body is soon able to deal with virus JY

DNA and Mutations Made of phosphate, nitrogen base, and sugar deoxyribose Stores and transmits genetic information Located Substitutions: replacement of base pair for another Frameshift: Insertion or deletion of base pair in nucleus JY

Parents Who Choose TO Vaccinate Prevents Safe serious illnesses due to extensive scientific research Insurances Helps cover costs immunity TM

Parents Who Choose NOT TO Vaccinate Religious reasons Personal beliefs Philosophical reasons Safety concerns TM

Passive Transport NO ATP !!! With the concentration gradient High concentration to low concentration Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis Diffusion TM

Active Transport ATP Needed !!! Against Low concentration gradient concentration to high concentration Sodium-Potassium pump Endocytosis Exocytosis TM

Who created the small pox vaccine? A. Pasteur B. Jenner C. Mendel D. Salk B BS

What prevents viral diseases? A. Antibiotics B. Antivirals C. Vaccines D. Bacteriophages B BS

Which vaccination is NOT required for students in PA? A. Hepatitis B B. Acellular pertussis C. Flu D. Measles C JY

Where is DNA located? A. Nucleus B. Ribosome C. Cytoplasm D. Nucleolus A JY

Why DON'T parents want to vaccinate? A. They fear diseases B. Religious reasons C. They think it leads to cancer D. It prevents serious diseases B TM

What way does the concentration go in Passive Transport? B. Low to High C. High to Low A. Moderate to medium D. Medium to moderate C TM

Overview Viruses can be both harmful and beneficial Viruses can be prevented Pennsylvania has vaccine requirements for students DNA stores/ transmits genetic information Why parents choose TO or NOT TO vaccinate Active and Passive Transport