Virulence factors of Bacteria that cause disease Submitted

Virulence factors of Bacteria that cause disease Submitted By : Nesren alkakhrass Supervised By: Dr. Abedelraouf A. Elmanama Ph. sc Microbiology )

The. Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenecity

EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC ATTACHMENTS OF BACTERIA TO HOST CELL OR TISSUE SURFACES Bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes Enterotoxigen ic E. coli Adhesin Receptor Attachment Disease site Protein F Amino Pharyngeal Sore throat terminus of epithelium fibronectin Type-1 Species. Intestinal fimbriae specific epithelium carbohydra Diarrhea te Bordetella pertussis Fimbriae Galactose Respirator ("filament on sulfated y ous glycolipids epithelium hemaggluti nin Whooping cough

M PROTEIN STRUCTURE

SOME EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIAL PROTEINS THAT ARE CONSIDERED INVASINS Invasin Bacteria Involved Activity Hyaluronidase Streptococci, Degrades hyaluronic of staphylococci connective tissue and clostridia Collagenase Clostridium species Neuraminidas Vibrio e cholerae and Shigella dysenteriae Dissolves collagen framework of muscles Degrades neuraminic acid of intestinal mucosa

Cell invasion by GFP-expressing Salmonella )

Salmonella-induced actin rearrangement

Apoptosis as Bacterial virulense factor programmed cell death: activation of apoptosis to destroy cells, utilization of apoptosis to initiate inflammation • The induction of apoptosis by Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase hemolysin • P. aeruginosa can induce apoptosis by producing exotoxin

Quorum Sensing as a virulence factor o An important factor in the pathogenesis of some infections is a bacterial cell-to-cell signaling mechanism, referred to as "quorum sensing", which enables bacteria to coordinately turn on and off specific virulence genes through the production of autoinducer molecules. • Interference or blocking of quorum-sensing systems lead to inhibition of a variety of virulence factors.

Genomics and Bacterial Pathogenesis o o Complete knowledge of an organism's genetic makeup allows exhaustive identification for virulence genes, vaccine and antimicrobial targets, and diagnostics. The genomes of at least 13 pathogenic bacteria have been sequenced

Strategies To Block Bacterial Adhesion used as new treatment