Virtual Reality History CS 6360 Virtual Reality David

Virtual Reality History CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

First, some class stuff • Paper critique on Friday – Look on web page CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Today’s Goals • • Provide some historical context. Where did VR technology come from? What applications drove its development? Who are some luminaries in the field? CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Early History • Remarkably, VR concepts predate computer graphics and modern VR (HMD, tracking, etc. ) arose simultaneously with computer imagery. CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Early History Cont’d… • Prehistory – Cave paintings – Some researchers believe that the images animate when shown with flickering torch light! • 3000 BC - Egyptians – First lenses • 3000 BC – Asian shadow play • ~450 BC – Mo Tzu – Pinhole projection onto screen • ~300 BC – Euclid – Writes The Optics • 200 AD in China or 1515 – Da Vinci – Magic lantern projector? From http: //www. precinemahistory. net CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Early History Cont’d… • 1671 – Kircher – Magic lantern – A later example • 1674 – de Chales – Successive glass slides • 1830 s -Stroboscope • 1838 – Wheatstone – Stereo viewer CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson From http: //www. precinemahistory. net

Early History Cont’d… • 1860 s – zoetrope • 1879 – – Zoopraxiscope • Painted images on disc • Movies – 1888 – first movie – 1895: Skladanowsky – Bioscop – 1895: Lumiere – Cinematographe – 1896: Edison – Vitascope – 1902 – special effects • A Trip to the Moon – start 8: 38 From http: //www. precinemahistory. net CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Early History Cont’d… • 1916 – Pratt – Head-mounted periscope display and gun – Augmented reality precursor CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Early History Cont’d… • 1929 – Link – Mechanical flight simulator CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Early History Cont’d… • 1956 – Heilig – Sensorama • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =v. SINEBZNCks http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v= – Multimodal display of a motorcycle ride through Brooklyn • • Sight Sound Smell Vibration – 1957 HMD patent CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Early History Cont’d… • 1961 – Philco – Telepresence with a HMD • Remote camera – Magnetic head tracker – Single CRT CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Birth of Modern VR • 1963 – Sutherland – Interactive graphics – Sketchpad • 1965 – Ultimate display paper • 1968 – A Head-mounted Three. Dimensional Display • 1970 – Krueger – Videoplace - movie • 1974 – Jim Clark – Ph. D. on HMD’s CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

The Next Wave • 1980’s – Scott Fisher (NASAAmes) – VIEW project – – movies – start 2: 05 • 1980’s – Jaron Lanier – “Virtual Reality” • Tom Furness – Super cockpit CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

More displays • 90 s - Fakespace boom – High resolution – ergonomic CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Force-feedback Interfaces Haptic Display Grope III The Force-Feedback Project, which began in 1967, first focused on the development of a system to support scientific visualization in the area of molecular docking, the Docker application. This application provides graphic (wire-frame) representations of molecules and their interatomic forces to allow a user to adjust the relative position and orientation of molecules while searching for minimum energy binding sites. A series of systems have been developed, evolving from a 2 -D system, through a 3 -D system and a 6 -D system for a simple docking task, to a full 6 -D molecular docking system called GROPE-III. These later systems have employed a modified Model E-3 Argonne Remote Manipulator (ARM). © Fred Brooks, University of North Carolina CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Gloves • 1977 – Sayre – Light tube attenuation to measure bend • 1981 – Grimes (Bell) – Bend, tactile sensors • 1984 – VPL Data. Glove • 1993 Utah/MIT – Dextrous Hand Master (Hollerbach) Dextrous Hand Master, Exos CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

CAVE displays • 1992 – EVL – Users in a projected room – CAVE movie CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

CAVE displays Cyber. Sphere (1998) The scientists Eyre and Eureka in VR-Systems UK have been researching a Cyber. Sphere, a device, which consists of a large, translucent sphere containing the user. The images are distortion-corrected and then projected on the surface of the sphere, allowing the user a full 360 degree field of view. It also allows the user to move around in the world, by walking inside the ball, which will move in response to the users movements. Movie © VR-Systems, United Kingdom CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Companies • 1984 – VPL • 1987 – Polhemus • 1989 – Division – Bought tech from UNC-CH • 1989 – Mattel – Nintendo powerglove • 1990 – W – VR arcade CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Current Companies • • • Sensics Intersense Raytheon Nintendo Track-IR CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson

Summary • Entertainment has often driven “immersive” advances • The dream of a VR space has a long history • High-quality elements of VR are now consumer products CS 6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson