Viroids Lyndsay Murrow BMS 265 Nomenclature Viroid virus
Viroids Lyndsay Murrow BMS 265
Nomenclature Viroid = “virus- like” Adapted from Flores R et al (1998) Arch Virol 143, 623 -629.
Discovery Early 1960 s: Raymer and O’Brien develop a bioassay for the agent causing potato spindle tuber disease 1965: Raymer 1968: Characterization of chrysanthemum stunt and citrus exocortis as nontypical viruses teams up with Diener; they show that agent is not a typical virion 1971: Diener 1973: Electron micrograph shows viroid’s hairpin structure demonstrates that the agent is a free non-coding RNA, coins the term viroid 1974: 1976: EM shows that viroids form closed circular RNAs Confirmation that viroids are noncoding 1978: PSTVd is sequenced
Example Members Genus Pospiviroids: Genus Coleviroids: Genus Hostuviroids: Genus Avsunviroids: Genus Cocadviroids: Genus Pelamoviroids: Genus Apscaviroids: Pospiviroidae: Nuclear, CCR, no PSTVd (potato spindle tuber) HSVd (hop stunt) CCCVd (coconut cadang-cadang) ASSVd (apple scar skin) Cb. Vd 1 (coleus blumei 1) ASBVd (avocado sunblotch) PLMVd (peach latent mosaic) hammerhead self-cleavage Avsunviroidae: Chloroplastic, no CCR, hammerhead self-cleavage
Evolution and Conservation William G. Scott Diener TO (1996) Virus Genes 11, 119 -131.
Biogenesis Adapted from Daròs J et al (2006) EMBO Reports 7, 593 -598.
Cellular Functions (Pathogenicity) Pray LA (2004) The Scientist 18, 23.
Mechanism of Action Martick M and Scott WG (2006) SSRL Research Highlight 11, 119 -131. http: //ssrl. slac. stanford. edu/research/highlights_archive/ribozyme. html http: //rnaworld. bio. ku. edu
Potential as a Tool Citti L and Rainaldi G (2005) Curr Gene Ther 5, 11 -24.
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