Viral Diseases Common Cold Causes 200 viruses can

Viral Diseases

Common Cold § Causes: § 200+ viruses can cause it, including rhinoviruses § No evidence for weather causing a cold § Symptoms: § Runny nose, sore throat, headache, cough § Treatment: § Antihistamines, decongestants & glycerin based cough suppressants § NSAIDS (ibuprofen) § Transmission: § Inhaling drops of mucus full of rhinovirus § Touching contaminated surfaces § Wash your hands!

Influenza “the flu” § Cause: influenza (Types A, B & C) § Symptoms: § Fever, headache, fatigue, body aches, congestion § Treatment: § CDC currently recommends NOT taking medications for flu due to growing virus resistance. § Transmission: § Inhaling drops of mucus full of influenza virus § Touching contaminated surfaces § Status: § Vaccines present, BUT it changes yearly (RNA virus) § Threat of flu pandemics worldwide

Smallpox § Cause: Variola § Symptoms: § High fever, body aches, small raised bumps all over body § Treatment: § no proven treatment for smallpox § Most recover, 30% mortality § Transmission: § inhaling droplets of affected saliva § face-to-face contact with an infected person § Status: § Vaccine present § Can be fatal § Eradicated worldwide, last naturally occurring in 1977

HSV-1 Herpes Perianal HSV-2 Simplex II § Cause: (HSV-1) § Cause: (HSV-2) § Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 § Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 § Symptoms: § Cold sores around mouth § Pain, itching, blisters on genitals, § Treatment: anus and thighs § Topical medication to reduce § Treatment: healing § medication to reduce symptoms § Antiviral medication to reduce and reduce number of outbreaks § Transmission: § Kissing, eating/drinking after one § Sexually transmitted, may not be another showing signs, oral or vaginal sex § Status: § No vaccine, no cure! § No vaccination, no cure! § 1 out of 5 adolescents and adults have had HSV-2 in the US!

Genital Warts § Cause: >100 strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) § Symptoms: § Raised or flat, single or multiple swellings on any genital surface, male or female, can appear cauliflower-like § Can cause cervical cancer in women § No visible signs may occur § Treatment: § Topical creams are available, doctors may freeze or burn them off § May remove warts but virus is still present in the body and warts may return § Transmission: § Very contagious § sexual contact with infected partner, may not be showing signs § Status: § § 6. 2 million new cases a year in U. S. No cure! Tests available for presence in women Gardasil- new vaccine that prevents the 4 highest risk strains of HPV

Hepatitis B § Cause: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) § Symptoms: § Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), liver cancer, liver failure, death § May not look sick § Treatment: § Interferon- slows the growth of HBV § Transmission: § Any sexual contact § Blood contact (needles, razors, etc. ) § Status: § Vaccine is available § 1. 25 million American live with chronic hepatitis B Female Cambodian Juandice patient with a distended abdomen due to a hepatoma resulting from chronic hepatitis B infection

Rabies § Cause: rabies virus § Symptoms: § Fever, headache, paralysis, hydrophobia, hallucinations, foaming at the mouth, ultimately death § Treatment: no successful treatment § Transmission: § bite from an infected mammal (carnivores and bats) § Status: § Cases have reduced in domestic animals greatly § Vaccine is available, only given to people at high risk of infection

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) § Cause: § Human Immunodeficiency Virus § Symptoms: § Fever, headache, tiredness, enlarged lymph nodes § AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) § weight loss, fatigue, memory loss § Destroys CD 4+ cells (part of immune system) § body cannot fight off illnesses caused by bacteria, other viruses, fungi, or parasites. § Ultimately leads to death

HIV (continued) § Treatment: § Reverse Transcriptase (RT) inhibitors & Protease Inhibitorsstops the virus from making copies of itself § Transmission: § § sexually (orally, vaginally) Blood (needles, or through mucus membranes) Breast milk mother to child NOT from kissing, touching, insects bites § Status: § No vaccine, several medicines to prevent spread in body § Worldwide: In 2004, 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS, 5 million newly infected, and 3. 1 million deaths § Prevention: § Abstinence, Safe sex (Condoms!), avoidance or risky behaviors associated with sex and drug use

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Electron micrograph of ebola virus § Cause: § 1 of 4 Ebola viruses § Symptoms: § Fever, headache, muscle/joint pain, red eyes, skin rash § Diarrhea, vomiting, rash, internal and external bleeding § Treatment: § No standard treatment § Some patients recover but majority die, usually because the lack of immune response § Transmission: § Contaminated body fluids: Blood, mucus, semen, syringes § Air transmission in monkey Ebola-Reston virus only § Status: § Only identified in 1976 with few devastating outbreaks § RNA virus

Other viral diseases § § § § Polio Shingles/ chicken pox Hanta SARS Stomach virus (viral gastroenteritis) Viral meningitis Rubella, Measles, mumps Polio Rubella Measles