Vinyl Windows Doors for Commercial Applications Overview Objectives

Vinyl Windows & Doors for Commercial Applications

Overview & Objectives This presentation is designed to raise awareness about the use of vinyl windows & doors in commercial applications. At the conclusion of this presentation, the designer & specifier will have an understanding of the benefits of vinyl windows and doors to commercial projects allowing for designing and specifying vinyl fenestration products into commercial buildings for new and replacement applications.

Vinyl Track Record • Vinyl has long been the material of choice by the residential market for fenestration products. • The key attributes of vinyl windows & doors for residential applications are the same critical buyer values that makes vinyl products perfect for use in commercial, institutional and multi-family projects

• Key Attributes for Residential Applications – Energy Efficient – Durable – Low Maintenance – Quality Performance – Stylish – Flexible designs – Sustainable

Commercial Fenestration Attributes • Key Buyer Values for Commercial Fenestration – Structural performance in combinations / strength – Wind Load structural performance at higher stories – Dimensional stability through temperature cycling – Thermal performance & condensation resistance – Color flexibility – Recyclable material – Glazing Flexibility – Design flexibility including hardware – Non combustible materials – Environmental friendliness in manufacturing & through the life cycle – Sustainable & Recyclable – LEED points attainable – Compatibility with other building cladding materials / alternate fenestration products – Proven performance for the application – Supply logistics consistent with the commercial process

Commercial Fenestration Attributes • Additional decision makers in the commercial construction process can alter the priorities and importance of buyer values through the process

Residential Market Share • Exceeding residential market needs has lead to vinyl windows becoming the dominant market leader in residential projects • Graph showing growth & share

• By understanding how vinyl products meet commercial buyer values, it will be possible to exceed current expectations of vinyl windows in commercial applications • The following slides will review each of the buyer value topics offering substantiated proof for product acceptance

NAFS Standard & Window Performance Buyer Values 1) Structural performance in combinations / strength 2) Wind Load structural performance at higher stories Addressed through independent window performance testing and matching the building performance requirements to the certified product

NAFS Standard North American Fenestration Standard AAMA/WDMA/CSA 1. S. 2 -A 440 -11 • Standard that all North American Windows, Doors and Skylites must meet • Tests for air & water leakage and structural integrity • Designates Residential, Light Commercial, Commercial & Architectural Window • (photo of the standard cover page)

AAMA Standards AAMA 450 – Engineered calculations to determine applicable Design Pressures (DP) for combination windows – Considers mullion length, combination type and mullion reinforcement type – Determines the recommended reinforcement required to meet the Design Pressure

NAFS Standard & AAMA • AAMA // Specification Administrator • Independent Third Party Verification of Performance • Certified Component Program • Window Labelling Program • (picture of AAMA 303 & 109 standard)

NAFS Standard & Certified Products • Uniform independent testing of windows, doors & skylites • Labelling easily explains the product performance and size limitations • Easily matches to the performance requirements for the structure given it’s use, geographic location, height & exposure • (picture of AAMA window label)

NAFS Standard & Certified Products • Performance expressed as a function of several criteria • Test pathway and tested size • Performance grade achieved • Product designator • CW-PG 75 -H (AAMA Label) • Commercial Window (gateway test dimension & deflection limit) • Air, Water & Design Pressure performance • Window type

Vinyl Profile Certification Buyer Value • Dimensional stability through temperature cycling Addressed via independent certification of vinyl window profiles to ensure conformance to performance criteria and quality program requirements

Vinyl Profile Certification • AAMA 303 -12, Voluntary Specification for Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Exterior Profiles • AAMA 308 -08, Voluntary Specification for Cellular Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Exterior Profiles • AAMA 109, Procedural Guide for the AAMA Fenestration Exterior Thermoplastic Profile Certification Program Three key documents outlining test methods & performance requirements for vinyl profiles to be used in AAMA certified fenestration products and incorporate many ASTM test procedures

Vinyl Profile Certification Performance requirements include: • Impact • Dimensional Stability after Heating • Heat Build Up during Infra-Red Exposure • Weatherability to Ultra-Violet Exposure • Lead Content • Performance for Organically Coated & Laminated Profiles

Vinyl Profile Performance • Testing is conducted by laboratories contracted by AAMA • Annual inspections are conducted by independent auditors to ensure on-going conformance

Assembled Window Testing • Manufacturers can cycle windows from extremely cold to extremely hot temperatures to determine the impact on air infiltration as a function of dimensional changes • (Chart of standard performances)

Effects on Energy Consumption Buyer Value – Thermal performance & condensation resistance Addressed by physical testing & simulations of windows & glazing packages to National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) procedures and conforming to the Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Star performance requirements by climate zones and ASHRAE requirements for commercial buildings

NFRC Testing & Performance Requirements • NFRC 100 -2014, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product UFactors • NFRC 200 -2014, Procedure for Determining Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence • 2009 IECC, International Energy Conservation Code • ANSI/ASHRAE/IEC 90. 1 -2013, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings Four key documents determining the energy performance & solar heat gain requirements for windows & non residential buildings

NFRC Testing & Performance Requirements 2015 Energy Star Criteria Climate Zone U-Factor (BTU/h. ft² °F) SHGC Northern ≤ 0. 27 Any North-Central ≤ 0. 30 ≤ 0. 40 South-Central ≤ 0. 30 ≤ 0. 25 South ≤ 0. 40 ≤ 0. 25 Values represent total unit values including frames and sashes Windows must also conform to a minimum air leakage rating of ≤ 0. 30 cfm/ft²

ASHRAE Performance Requirements

Condensation Resistance - AAMA 1503 -09, Voluntary Test Method for Thermal Transmittance and Condensation Resistance of Windows, Doors and Glazed Wall Sections - NFRC 500 -2014, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Condensation Resistance Values Two key procedures to calculate or computer model when condensation will form in a given project and used to compare materials for selection

Condensation Resistance Factor AAMA CRF Comparative Data Material CRF ( AAMA 1503 -09) Vinyl Window Systems High Performance Commercial Systems Low Performance Commercial Systems Higher values represent greater resistance to condensation formation

Color & Design Aesthetics Buyer Value - Color flexibility Coloring vinyl to provide selection beyond white has occurred for as long as vinyl has been a main-stream fenestration material. Solutions are provided by numerous means: - Extruded color - Co-extruded cap-stock - Laminates - High Performance Coatings Several standards developed and managed through AAMA exist to ensure long-term performance of these products

Color & Design Aesthetics • AAMA 303 -12, Voluntary Specification for Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Exterior Profiles • AAMA 308 -08, Voluntary Specification for Cellular Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Exterior Profiles • AAMA 109, Procedural Guide for the AAMA Fenestration Exterior Thermoplastic Profile Certification Program • AAMA 1506 -04, Voluntary Test Method for Laboratory Heat Build-Up Effects on Fenestration Products The above standards and procedures capture the weathering performance of extruded and co-extruded colors and adhesion of laminates & coatings on profiles. Dimension stability of an assembled window under heat gain conditions is also determined via AAMA 1506.

Color & Design Aesthetics AAMA 613 AAMA 614 AAMA 615 Voluntary Performance Requirements & Test Procedures of Organic Coatings on Plastic Profiles - 1 year / 3 year / 5 year weathering performance Comparable performance requirements to AAMA 2603 / 2604 / 2605 - AAMA 307, Voluntary Performance Requirements for Decorative Laminates on AAMA Certified Profiles These are key performance standards outline the application and long-term requirements of coatings and laminates on vinyl profiles

Recyclable Material Buyer Value - Recycling industry & post consumer waste to avoid landfills Vinyl has long been a material that is recyclable. Post industrial waste generated from the initial extrusion line start up or end cuts from window fabrication is ground and blended into the process as components for new windows. The amounts vary and are dependant on several factors: - Color - Contaminants - Use The recycling of post consumer windows into new windows although technically feasible, has proven impractical with little market demand in North America to date. The added longevity of vinyl windows in the field contributes to reductions in the quantities of disposed windows into landfills.

Glazing Flexibility Buyer Value - Ability to select glazing configurations Manufacturers typically qualify numerous glazing systems into their windows to allow for optimum performance in a variety of geographies with varying climates. These can include a variety of Low E coatings, tinted glass and other specialty glass to suite the specific needs of the application. U-Value SHGC • Northern Climates Low High • Southern Climates Medium Low • Hurricane Impact

Glazing Flexibility Alternate glass options can be incorporated into windows depending on the flexibility of the specific window manufacturer. Additionally, vinyl windows can accommodate a variety of overall insulating glass thicknesses. This allows for the incorporation of a variety of glass types to be employed and a variety of ig configurations. Typical vinyl windows will accommodate a range of overall unit thicknesses. These vary by window type. Hung & Sliding Products 3/4”, 7/8”, 1 -1/8” Casement, Awning & Fixed Products 3/4”, 7/8”, 1 -1/8”, 1 -1/4”, 1 -3/8” Tilt & Turn Products 3/4”, 1 -1/4”, 1 -3/8”, 1 -5/8”

Design Flexibility Buyer Value - Flexibility to create project specific designs Monumental sizes, unique shapes, brilliant colors and hardware options are all features of vinyl windows. When assembled in combinations, unique architectural appearances of significant sizes can be created. Added ingenuity in fabrication can even create more impressive features that maximize glass area and take advantage of impressive views.

Design Flexibility Hardware is available in numerous styles and finishes to compliment the aesthetics of the project. From painted to metallic finishes, no project will suffer from a lack of design. More utilitarian projects that require basic hardware for simple operation, can also be satisfied with vinyl windows, built to meet the needs of the project. For multi-story projects employing operating windows, limiting hardware for all window types will lessen the danger of a fall.

Environmental Stewardship Buyer Value - Having sustainable materials that are environmentally friendly through manufacturing and the product life cycle Vinyl has long been considered an environmentally friendly and sustainable product. Below are several points substantiating this: Raw materials – Sodium Chloride (salt) & Natural Gas (<0. 3% of total annual consumption) Resin manufacturing – Closed system, no environmental exposure Material – recyclable, over 1 billion pounds annually is recycled Products – reduce energy consumption & related strain on resources Durable Lasting Performance – Increases life cycle & reduces impact on landfills

Environmental Stewardship • LEED Credits Vinyl Windows & Doors contribute directly or indirectly to LEED credits: - minimum & optimized energy performance (3 points) - increased ventilation (1 point) - daylight & views (2 points) • AAMA Sustainable Vinyl White paper & AIA Continuing Education Learning Unit are tools developed to assist the building community • AAMA Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) AAMA is in the development process of a LCA for all window and door materials. Designed to rank specific products associated life cycle costs, this cradle to grave approach goes beyond simple recycling opportunity costs to understanding environmental impacts throughout the product life cycle.

Sustainability & Recyclable Buyer Value • Utilize building materials that offer minimal negative environmental impacts and employ recyclable technologies in their initial manufacture and at the end of their life. Facts About Vinyl ü Over 1 Billion Pounds annually recycled ü 100% of Post Industrial Waste is recycled into extruded profiles ü Durable vinyl windows offer long field life extending the replacement life ü High performance vinyl windows with Energy Star performance and efficiency reduce consumption of heating and cooling energy ü Energy efficient windows allow for larger glass areas, maximizing daylight, minimizing artificial lighting costs (energy consumption & equipment costs) and improving health and productivity of the occupants

Non-Combustible Materials Buyer Value - Meet building code requirements allowing evacuation from a structure by minimizing the burn rate and off-gassing of potentially life threatening poisonous combustion products Vinyl neither supports combustion or off-gasses hazardous combustible byproducts when burned. In fact, one of the key vinyl resin raw materials, Sodium Chloride (Salt) is a natural fire suppressor. The structural integrity of a vinyl window will be maintained during the initial stages of a fire when evacuation is critical. At 80°C (170°F), the deformation temperature of vinyl, evacuation will need to be complete as other life threatening issues unrelated to fenestration will be prevalent.

Installation & Compatibility with Other Cladding Materials Buyer Value Fenestration products that successfully interface with the wall construction & other wall cladding materials. Vinyl Window Installation ü Commercial design process addresses the specific installation condition ü Vinyl frames that commonly interface with walls, are available in a variety of depths from 2 -1/2” to 6 -5/8” with common depths of 31/4” and 4 -1/2”, provide flexibility to construction needs ü Variety of integrated and snap in accessories are available to accommodate a wide range of installation conditions

Installation & Compatibility with Other Cladding Materials Vinyl Window Installation ü Glazing cavities will accommodate insulated panels & can adapt to other items used for commercial applications ü Spectrum of colors available in vinyl offer aesthetic matches to other building materials ü Complimentary fenestration products such as patio doors & trim offer complete project solutions

Proven Performance for the Application

Commercial Products Supply Channel