Vietnam Korea and Proxy Wars Korean War iv

Vietnam, Korea and Proxy Wars

Korean War iv. Both governments felt they should rule the entire country. v. 1950, N. Korea attacks S. Korea vi. Since Truman believes in Containment, he immediately sends troops to S. Korea. vii. Truman asks the UN for help, and since Soviets are away from the council, he gets what he wanted. viii. 16 nations helped the USA in the Korean War, but 9 of 10 soldiers was American

Korean War ix. American help pushed N. Korea back past the 38 th Parallel. a. Americans involved in war b. Soviets fight a proxy war- not actually there. They send military equipment and advisors. x. Since war is going well for Americans they decide to take over the whole country. xi. In 1951, China enters on the side of N. Korea xii. N. Korea pushes S. Korea back to 38 th parallel.

Korean War xiii. Both countries stalemated at 38 th parallel xvi. Truce signed in 1953, war over. a. Big reason, Stalin dies in 1953

Dien Bien Phu • • • After a long siege, Vietnamese communists under Ho Chi Minh defeat French colonial forces at Dien Bien Phu on May 7. In July, the Geneva Accords divide the country at the 17 th parallel, creating a North and South Vietnam. The United States assumes the chief responsibility of providing anti-communist aid to South Vietnam. SS 30 Cold War - Vietnam War September 2, 2021 6

The Vietnam War vi. Geneva Peace Conference (1954) a. Vietnam divided at 17 th parallel b. North Communist (Ho Chi Minh); South is not c. Elections to be held to unite country. They were never held. Ho Chi Minh was very popular, Americans feared they would lose and communism would spread SS 30 Cold War - Vietnam War 1. Domino Theory September 2, 2021 7

Vietnam SS 30 Cold War - Vietnam War September 2, 2021 8

The Vietnam War vii. American Involvement a. In 1963, Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) becomes President of USA- Kennedy assassinated b. LBJ decided to bomb N. Vietnam “back to the stone age” c. 1965, US troops land in S. Vietnam and begin to do most of the fighting d. Consequently, USSR and China begin to provide N. Vietnamese with money and weapons - proxy war SS 30 Cold War - Vietnam War September 2, 2021 9

Lyndon B. Johnson SS 30 Cold War - Vietnam War September 2, 2021 10

The Vietnam War e. The Vietcong and the N. Vietnamese Army would often hide in villages and attack when least expected. f. This frustrated American soldiers who began slaughtering entire villages if they thought enemies were there. g. Many innocents killed and tortured, including women and children SS 30 Cold War - Vietnam War September 2, 2021 11

The Vietnam War viii. Role of the Media a. Many of these violent acts caught on tape and sent back to USA b. Americans disgusted with their troops and opposed the war. c. Richard Nixon becomes president and calls for vietnamization: turning over most of the fighting to the Vietnamese, but still equipping S. Vietnamese so they could fight SS 30 Cold War - Vietnam War http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=s. L 7 N-a. Ctl. Lo September 2, 2021 12

South America Chile

�Salvador Allende served as politician in Chile for almost 40 years and was elected president on socialist platform in 1970 �Reforms during his presidency �Nationalized many industries �Started health care reform �Renewed diplomatic relations with Cuba and Soviet government �Redistribute land wealth Chile

American Interference The CIA had interfered in 1964 elections (support for pro. Christian democratic candidate) • Shortly after Allende came to power, Nixon authorized millions in CIA funding to create political instability in Chile In September of 1973, Allende died during a military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet ØHe ruled the country as a dictator until 1990 ØPro-capitalist reforms

Afghanistan The Middle East

Background Information • Beginning in the 1950 s, the USSR began giving aid to Afghanistan. They built roads, irrigation and even some oil pipelines. • In the 1970 s, a Communist party overthrew the monarchy and tried to institute social reforms. However they lacked the popular support of the rural population.

Causes of the Invasion �Firstly, the Soviets sent troops into Afghanistan in 1979 for they wished to expand their influence in Asia. �They also wanted to preserve the Communist government that had been established in the 1970 s, and was collapsing because of its lack of support other than in the military. �Lastly, the Soviets wanted to protect their interests in Afghanistan from Iran and western nations that would have influence capitalism.

Misled Foreign Aid • Arab people even gave aid to mujahidin. One of these was Osama Bin Laden • MUJAHIDIN (a military force of Muslim guerilla warriors engaged in a jihad; "some call the mujahidin international warriors but others just call them terrorists")

Terrorism Today……… • FINALLY • Unable to defeat the Mujahidin and pressed by world opinion to leave • Afghanistan, Soviet leader Gorbachev decided that the USSR had to get out. RESULTS • Billions of dollars had been spent each year to support troops in Afghanistan • In part, the tide of the war had been turned by the introduction of USmade shoulder-launched antiaircraft missiles in 1987. • With these missiles, the Mujahidin shot down Soviet planes and helicopters every day, increasing the monetary and human cost of the war, and making Soviet strike tactics ineffective.

The Birth of Terrorism �In the 1980 s: �Supplying the Afghan resistance with American guns and anti-aircraft missiles seemed like a good idea and was the reason for the Soviets’ defeat �In the late 1990 s: �The US was met with their own guns. �Lead to 9/11 Today: The U. S suffers great losses within the border. �In the event that the Soviets did not invade Afghanistan it may have become a stable developing countries by today and the events of 9/11 may have not occurred.

THE RED SCARE! Hysteria Iron Curtain Communism in China A-Bomb H-Bomb

“A full scale nuclear exchange, lasting less than 60 minutes… could wipe out more than 300 million Americans, Europeans and Russians, as well as untold numbers elsewhere. And the survivors– as Chairman Khrushchev warned the Communist Chinese, “the survivors would envy the dead. ” For they would inherit a world so devastated by explosions and poison and fire that today we cannot conceive of its horrors. ” John F. Kennedy

Senator Joseph Mc. Carthy

Mc. Carthyism State Dept Gov’t Officials = Workers Communists Democrats = Communists

Duck and Cover!!! • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=IKq. Xu-5 jw 60&safe=active

Consider this… • To what extent were the superpowers justified in their pursuit to protect their interests internationally through Proxy Wars?