video From solid to liquid Zygmunt Baumann Christianity

video From solid to liquid Zygmunt Baumann • Christianity provided a vision for “the good society” • With modernity, the nation and reason provided a vision for “the good society” • Communism • Democracy • Capitalism • In liquid modernity a vision for “the good society” disappears • Personal fulfillment, happiness; personal goals, not social goals • Personal freedom of choice • Freedom previously referred to freedom from restriction • Religion becomes about primarily personal goals, feelings, spirituality, etc.

Apostles' Creed What is missing here? 1. I believe in God the Father, Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth: 2. And in Jesus Christ, his only begotten Son, our Lord: 3. Who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary: 4. Suffered under Pontius Pilate; was crucified, dead and buried: He descended into hell: 5. The third day he rose again from the dead: 6. He ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty: 7. From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead: 8. I believe in the Holy Ghost: 9. I believe in the holy catholic church: the communion of saints: 10. The forgiveness of sins: 1 l. The resurrection of the body: 12. And the life everlasting. Amen. What does this creed say about Jesus? What are the central points?

• Sporadic persecution • Localized • Why? • Different customs • Refused to join military • Refused to participate in national rituals

From the Margins to the Center • Constantine: Saint or Villain? • 306 – 337 CE • Theodosious • 379 - 395 CE • official religion • Pagans are now marginalized

Christianity spread through Europe • Political • Clovis – convert or die! • Norway, England, Denmark, Russia, etc. • Monks • Wrote, translated, copied, taught, preached • St. Patrick

The Great Schism (1054) Division between Latin and Eastern Church Roman Catholic and Orthodox Cultural and Theological

Unity of the Middle Ages Spiritual/Religious Social Wisdom/Knowledge Physical Political he in t t s i r a Euch Age e l d d Mi s Christian objects and rituals were used to treat illness, assure good harvests, prevent insect infestations, protect against fire, promote prosperity, etc. Virtues of piety, courage, etc. St. Werberga’s Holy Shrine Chester, England

Protestant Reformation • Germany • Begins in 1517 • 500 th Anniversary • Martin Luther – 95 Theses • Cultural and Theological • Reform Abuses in the Church • Indulgences • Hierarchy

Switzerland • Ulrich Zwingli • Against images • Anabaptists • Separation of Church and State • Believers’ Baptism Beheaded statue at church in Zurich

Principle Teachings and Consequences of Protestantism • Salvation (or justification) by faith alone, and not works • Partial (or full) rejection of sacramental view • Grace of God comes through faith, not sacraments • Intellectualization of religious devotion

Principle Teachings and Consequences of Protestantism • Scripture alone, and not church tradition or authority • Doctrine and teaching must come from the Scriptures • Scriptures are translated into local languages • Luther’s German Bible • Clergy lose control of interpretation • Loss of central authority gives birth to many groups (denominations) • Lutheran, Reformed, Mennonite, Presbyterian, Anglican, etc.

Map of French Empire Spain – Yellow Portugal - Purple • 16 th C – Canada • 19 th C – Indochina and Africa Catholic Counter-Reformation and Catholic Mission • Reaction to Protestant Reformation • Spanish and Portuguese Colonies (~ 16 th C) • Missionary Orders (e. g. Jesuits) • Colonialism gives rise to racism in Europe • Enlightenment – White Men have reason

Protestant Missionary Movement • British Empire (19 th C) • The sun never sets on the British Empire. “Browning” of Christianity Changes in understanding Overcoming • America as political and economic power after WWII Modern economy • Missionaries Vibrant worship Active spirit world Socially active and pious

Pentecostalism • • • Early 20 th C Emphasis on the Holy Spirit Vibrant worship Women leaders Fasting growing sector of Christianity • Primary character of non -Western Christianity