Video AGE OF EXPLORATION CONQUEST IN AMERICA COLONIZATION

Video AGE OF EXPLORATION CONQUEST IN AMERICA

COLONIZATION IN THE AMERICAS � CONQUISTADOR: Spanish conqueror � After Columbus & Magellan… � Hernan Cortes (Spain) - conquistador who arrived in Mexico in 1519, looking for lands to claim & searching for “City of Gold”

HERNAN CORTES VS Video � Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by Montezuma � Aztecs thought Spaniards were “iron-clad gods” � Defeated Aztecs (1. Superior weapons, 2. Used enemies to help, 3. Disease) � Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) became Mexico

AZTEC EMPIRE

FRANCISCO PIZARRO VS Bio. Video � Conquistador who arrived in Inca Empire (Peru) in 1523 � Captured Atahualpa for ransom of gold/silver; silver became a HUGE commodity! Video � Spanish eventually conquered, taking over lands from Ecuador to Chile

REASONS FOR CONQUISTADORS’ SUCCESSES � Military: horses, muskets, cannons, armor � Division among natives: Aztecs/Incas had many tribal enemies � Oppression/abuse of Native Americans: forced to work in encomienda system (slave farming) � Disease: new to Native Americans; challenged beliefs

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS? � 90% of indigenous population died b/c of enslavement, overwork, or diseases: �Smallpox �Measles Optional Video �Influenza �Many converted to Christianity by force �Caught in battle between Spain & Portugal

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS � 1494 - Agreement between Spain & Portugal negotiated by Pope Alexander VI � LINE OF DEMARCATION divides “New World” � Portugal gets everything EAST of the line (Brazil & East Indies) � Spain gets everything WEST of the line (Central America, Caribbean, & most of South America)

GET OUT YOUR MAP #1!

SPANISH ECONOMY & SOCIAL CLASSES Can only import/export with Spain � MERCANTILISM: how much gold/silver a country has � ORDER OF SOCIAL CLASS in New Spain: � Peninsulares – born in Spain � Creoles – American-born descendents of Spanish settlers � Mestizos – Native & Spanish descent � Mulattoes – Spanish & African descent � Native Americans African slaves �

PORTUGUESE ECONOMY (BRAZIL) � Nobles given land grants; shared profits with king in Portugal � Turned to plantation agriculture (esp. sugar) and livestock raising � 5 million + Africans brought into Brazil as slaves

VIDEO: CONQUISTADORS � In Spanish (no subtitles), but gives it an authentic feel!

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE 1500 -1600 � Great exchange of new foods, plants, animals, culture, tools, humans, technology, and diseases between the Old World (Europe/Africa) and the New World (America) �

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE VIDEO (CRASH COURSE)

AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS VIDEO � Optional (time permitting), part 3 of 3. (30 minutes) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=og 9 L_jh. UI D 8

CRASH COURSE VIDEO � The Spanish Empire, Silver, & Runaway Inflation (time permitting) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=rjh. Izem. Ldo s