Vibrations and Waves Parts and Properties of Waves
Vibrations and Waves Parts and Properties of Waves Sine and Cosine Functions
A Sine Function is a pictorial representation of a pefect wave. Sine Wave +1 X - axis (Distance = d) A 0 Y - axis (height) λ d A -1 Amplitude (A) Wavelength (λ)
Definitions: • Equilibrium Line: Is the center line and could be either a distance (d) plot or a time (t) plot. • Amplitude (A): Is the height of the wave, a distance from the equilibrium line to the highest point (Crest) or lowest point (Trough). • Wavelength (λ): Is the length of the wave or the distance traveled by the wave in one cycle or distance crest-to-crest or trough-to-trough.
Perfect Wave – Sine Function X - axis (time - t) Sine Wave +1 Y - axis (height) A 0 1 1. 5 time 0. 5 A -1 2 (sec) Amplitude (A) Period (T) = 2 sec Frequency ( f )
Definitions: • Period (T) : Is the time taken by the wave to complete one vibration or cycle. • Frequency (f): Is the number of vibrations or cycles per second. Unit: cycles/second = Hertz (Hz) • Wave Speed (v): Is how fast the wave travels. v=fλ
Wave Speed 100 300 d (m) If the wave takes 1. 2 seconds to complete one cycle, then wave speed is
Types of Waves Transverse Waves Longitudinal Waves • Particles of the medium vibrate at right angles to vibrate parallel (along) the path of the wave. • Light waves and other • Sound waves are electromagnetic waves longitudinal waves. are transverse.
Transverse Wave Demo
Example: Electromagnetic Waves
Longitudinal Wave Demo
Example: Sound Waves
Seismic Waves
- Slides: 12