Vertebrates C Notes EQ What do most vertebrates

Vertebrates - C - Notes EQ: What do most vertebrates have in common? Vertebrates – Physical Characteristics • They have backbones, an internal skeleton (endoskeleton), and muscles. • They have blood that circulates through blood vessels and lungs (or gills) for breathing. • They have a protective skin covering. • Most have legs, wings, or fins for movement. • They have a nervous system with a brain that processes information from their environment through sensory organs.

Vertebrates - C - Notes EQ: How do vertebrates differ in the way that they control their body temperature? Vertebrates – Body Temperature • Ectothermic (Cold-Blooded) - body temperature is close to that of their environment. • Endothermic (Warm-Blooded) - body temperature stays constant regardless of the temperature of the environment.

C-Notes – Chapter 4 (Yellow Text) Vertebrates – FISH • Cold-blooded (ectothermic) • Get oxygen through gills. Have scales and fins • Lay eggs in water • Live in the water, have swim bladder (↑↓) • Ex. – shark, bass, clown fish

C-Notes – Chapter 4 (Yellow Text) Vertebrates – AMPHIBIANS • Cold-blooded, Skin must stay moist (except toads) • Breath in water with gills, land with lungs • Go through metamorphosis (change appearance) • Lay jelly-like eggs in water • Frog and salamanders can breath through smooth moist skin • Ex. – frogs, toads, salamanders

C-Notes – Chapter 4 (Yellow Text) Vertebrates – REPTILES • Cold-blooded • Have scales or plates (dry skin) • Most lay eggs with softer shells (on land) • Breath with lungs • Ex. – alligator, lizards, snakes

C-Notes – Chapter 4 (Yellow Text) Vertebrates – BIRDS • Warm-blooded (endothermic) • Lay hard shelled eggs, have feathers • Have a beak, wings, two feet, hollow bones • Breath with lungs • Ex. – sparrow, hawk, penguin, ostrich

C-Notes – Chapter 4 (Yellow Text) Vertebrates – MAMMALS • Warm-blooded • Breath with lungs, most have teeth • Babies are born alive • Have fur or hair, produce milk to feed young • Ex. – people, dogs, whales, mice Whales People Dogs Mice