Verbtoberfest Additional Verb Tenses Imperfect Forms of sum

Verb-tober-fest! Additional Verb Tenses: Imperfect, Forms of “sum” Oct. 17 -21, 2011

Verb-tober-fest! • You’ve already learned: – Present tense verbs – Future tense verbs – Imperative verbs WOW…CELEBRATE!

New Tenses This Week! • Imperfect Tense… a type of past tense • Forms of “sum”… “sum” is a special verb with irregular forms. • We’ll be working out-of-order in your book • Ready? Eamus! (Let’s go!)

Imperfect Tense Text p. 180 (lesson 26) • Imperfect tense is a past tense. • It shows past action uncompleted. • There are several ways to translate imperfect tense: – was verbing – used to verb – kept on verbing – verbed

Finding the Present Stem • • • amo, amare laboro, laborare paro, parare porto, portare specto, spectare STEMS! • • • AMALABORAPARAPORTASPECTA-

Imperfect Active Tense Endings The present active tense = Present Stem + Imperfect Active Endings Singular First Person Second Person Third Person BAM BAS BAT Plural I you he, she, it BAMUS we BATIS BANT you they

First Person Ama bam I was loving I used to love I kept on loving bamu Ama s (etc. ) I loved Second Person Ama bas You were loving You used to love You kept on loving Ama batis You loved Third Person Ama bat He was loving… We were loving Ama bant (etc. ) Imperfect Tense You were loving… (etc. ) They were loving (etc. )

Your turn! • On the whiteboard, practice the imperfect tense using the verb porto, portare: carry. • Write the Latin and English chart. -BAM: I was… -BAMUS: We were… -BAS: you were… -BATIS: y’all were… -BAT: he/she/it was… -BANT: they were…

Imperfect Tense Practice • • • Spectabamus Portabat Amabas Parabatis Navigabam Monstrabant • • • We were watching He/she/it was carrying You were loving Y’all were preparing I was sailing They were showing

“SUM” • “Sum” is the “to be” verb. • Like other languages, including English, “sum” is an irregular verb in Latin. • Let’s look at “be” in English first. See how its forms are all different in the singular? Singular Plural I am You are He/she/it is We are Y’all are They are

Present Tense: SUM text p. 109 Singular sum es est Plural I am you are he/she/ it is sumus we are estis y’all are sunt they are These are standalone words, not endings.

“SUM” in action! • • • Nauta sum. Est regina. Es agricola bonus. Sunt mali. Sumus parvi. Estis reginae. • • • I am a sailor. She is a queen. You are a good farmer. They are bad. We are small. Y’all are queens.

Imperfect Tense: ERAM text p. 181 Singular Plural eram eras erat I was eramus we were you were eratis y’all were he/she/ it was erant they were These are standalone words, not endings.

“ERAM” in action! • • • Nauta eram. Erat regina. Eras agricola bonus. Erant mali. Eramus parvi. Eratis reginae. • • • I was a sailor. She was a queen. You were a good farmer. They were bad. We were small. Y’all were queens.

Future Tense: ERO text p. 127 (1 st chart only) Singular ero eris erit Plural I will be you will be he/she/ it will be erimus we will be eritis y’all will be erunt they will be These are standalone words, not endings.

“ERO” in action! • Nauta ero. • Erit servus. • Eris agricola bonus. • Erunt laeti (happy). • Numerus erit parvus. • Victoria erit grata. • I will be a sailor. • He will be a slave. • You will be a good farmer. • They will be happy. • The number will be small. • Victory will be pleasing.