Verbs principal parts of verbs and tenses Infinitives

Verbs– principal parts of verbs and tenses

Infinitives

April 19, 2012 Get your yellow journal and set up a Type 2 response. *Identify all the verbs in the sentences below. (Be sure to include any helping verbs. ) The girls wanted to win their basketball game last night. They won the league championship. The trophy will be presented to them on Friday. The girls can’t wait to receive it!

Infinitives An infinitive will almost always begin with “to” followed by the simple form of the verb, like this: �“to” + verb = infinitive �examples: �to sneeze �to smash �to cry �to shriek �to jump �to read �to eat �to be

Infinitives An infinitive is a verb form that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. � To leave now would be rude. � (Noun – subject of the sentence) � She is the candidate to watch. � (Adjective –describing the noun “candidate”) � We came to sing. � (Adverb – describing the verb “came” and why we came)

Infinitives Do not confuse an infinitive with a prepositional phrase that begins with “to. ” Infinitives: Prepositional phrases: • to go • to forget • to graduate • to them • to the mall • to the nearest exit (Remember: An infinitive is “to” + verb) (Remember: A preposition has a noun or pronoun as its object. )

Principal Parts of Verbs

Principal Parts of Verbs There are four principal parts of a verb: • infinitive (the base form) • present participle • past participle Infinitive/base Present Participle Past Participle (to) live (is) living lived (have) lived (to) run (is) running ran (have) run

Principal Parts of Regular Verbs �All verbs form the present participle in the same way: add –ing to the infinitive/base form. �A regular verb forms its past and past participle by adding –d or –ed to its infinitive/base form. Infinitive/base Present Participle Past Participle (to) live (is) living lived (have) lived (to) fix (is) fixing fixed (have) fixed (to) plan (is) planning planned (have) planned

Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs �All verbs form the present participle in the same way: add –ing to the infinitive/base form. �An irregular verb forms its past and past participle in some way other than by adding –d or –ed. . . �You might change vowels, change consonants, change vowels and consonants, or change nothing. Infinitive/base Present Participle Past Participle (to) sing (is) singing sang (have) sung (to) lend (is) lending lent (have) lent (to) buy (is) buying bought (have) bought (to) cost (is) costing cost (have) cost

Verb Tense

Verb Tenses The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action. The following are three verb tenses: 1. Past tense 2. Present tense 3. Future tense PAST existing or happening in the past PRESENT existing or happening now FUTURE existing or happening in the future

Verb Tenses – past tense • Past tense – an action or state of being that occurred in the past. • Examples: ØI stayed at the library until it closed. ØI was staying at the library until it closed. ØI did stay at the library until it closed.

Verb Tenses – present tense • Present tense – an action or state of being that is occurring now. • Examples: ØAshley and Brendan wait patiently for the bus. ØAshley and Brendan are waiting patiently for the bus. ØAshley and Brendan do wait patiently for the bus.

Verb Tenses – future tense • Future tense – an action or state of being that will occur. • Examples: ØI will attend camp this summer at the YMCA. ØI will be attending camp this summer at the YMCA. ØI am going to attend camp this summer at the YMCA.

Shift in Verb Tenses • Be careful not to shift verb tense in a sentence. Stick to the verb tense you start with. • Incorrect: ØAllen talked about going to the movies, but then he goes to the mall. • Better: ØAllen talked about going to the movies, but then he went to the mall.

Shift in Verb Tenses • Be careful not to shift verb tense in a sentence. Stick to the verb tense you start with. • Incorrect: ØThe young boy constantly asks to go outside, but then he always wanted to come back in. • Better: ØThe young boy constantly asks to go outside, but then he always wants to come back in.

Shift in Verb Tenses • Be careful not to shift verb tense in a paragraph. Stick to the verb tense you start with. • Incorrect: • Last summer, my family went on a weekend trip to Lake Erie. We packed our bags in the evening and left early the next morning. When I asked my dad which direction we were going, he told me to look at the map. I find my hometown of Pittsburgh and make a line with my finger to the lake. We were driving north. It takes us a little over two hours to get there. • Better: • Last summer, my family went on a weekend trip to Lake Erie. We packed our bags in the evening and left early the next morning. When I asked my dad which direction we were going, he told me to look at the map. I found my hometown of Pittsburgh and make a line with my finger to the lake. We were driving north. It took us a little over two hours to get there.

Homework �Worksheet