Verbs are tense Locating ideas in time Six

Verbs are tense Locating ideas in time

Six verb tenses Tenses Examples Present Past Future Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect I go. I went. I will go. I have gone. I had gone. I will have gone.

Four principal parts of the verb The infinitive The present participle The past participle To do (do), to go (go), to think (think), to dream (dream) Doing, going, thinking, dreaming Did, went, though, dreamed Done, gone, thought, dreamed

Auxiliary or helping verbs Helping verbs combine with main verbs to express tense, mood, voice, or condition. In a simple tense the verb stands alone, as a single word: John chortled. In a compound tense the principal part is supplemented by an auxiliary or helping verb to construct the tense: John has chortled, or John will have chortled.

Types of helping verbs • There are three types of helping verbs: primary, modal, and marginal.

Verbs, like pronouns, have person and number Present tense Singular Plural First person I protest We protest Second person Third person You protest He, she, it protests You protest They protest

Perfect tenses have finished. • The three perfect tenses are “have” tenses; they all make use of the verb to have as a helping verb. • The perfect tenses are tenses of things that are finished- either finished in the past, present, or future

Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect I have returned By then I had returned By tomorrow, I will have returned.

Have, not of • Sometimes we use contractions like should’ve instead of should have. This has lead to the mistaken idea that we are saying should of, but it is should have. • As a matter of style, we do not use contractions in academic writing.

Progressive forms are in progress. • Each of the six tenses also has a progressive form or aspect, an –ing variation using the present participle- the -ing form of a verbindicating action still in progress. The progressive form is made with the present participle and one or more auxiliary verbs. pr

First person singular examples of progressive form: Present progressive Past progressive Future progressive Present perfect progressive Past perfect progressive I am protesting. I was protesting. I shall be protesting. I have been protesting. Future perfect progressive I shall have been protesting. I had been protesting.