Verbs All Latin Verbs have 3 or 4

Verbs

All Latin Verbs have… • 3 or 4 principal parts • Conjugation • Number • Person • Tense • Voice • mood

Principal parts • 1 st = 1 st person, singular, present tense amo = I love habito = I live • 2 nd = present infinitive amare = to love habitare = to live • 3 rd …. Latin II • 4 th …. Latin II

Conjugation • To conjugate a verb is to change its endings to denote number, person, tense, voice & mood

Number • Singular • Plural

Person • I or We • You or You all • He, she it or They

Tense • Present • Past • Future

4 Conjugations of Latin verbs • Latin verbs belong to one of the 4 conjugations • You can tell the conjugation by the 2 nd principal part or infinitive form of the verb

4 Conjugations 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th paro habeo mitto iacio audio parare habēre mittere audire iacere

Present tense • To form the present tense drop the “RE” from the infinitive form to get the “present stem” of a verb rd • EXCEPT 3 Conjugation – drop “O” from 1 st principal part

Present Tense • To the BASE of verb add: • -O • -S • -T • -mus • -tis • -nt

Present Tense 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th infinitive parare habēre mittere, iacere audire para habe mitt + i, iaci audi singular paro paras parat habeo habes habet mitto mittis mittit iacio iacis iacit audio audis audit plural paramus paratis parant habemus habetis habent mittimus mittitis mittunt iacimus iacitis iaciunt audimus auditis audiunt

Translations Singular Plural I live, I am living, I do live You live We live You all live He, she, it lives They live

Irregular Verb “To Be” Singular Plural Sum = I am Sumus =We are Es = You are Estis = You all are Est = He, she, it Sunt = They are is

Imperative • Used in issuing orders • Often used with a Vocative noun • Singular formed by present stem • Plural formed by present stem + te EXCEPT 3 rd Conjugation “ITE”

Imperatives Infinitive Imperative Singular Plural 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th parare habere mittere iacere audire para habe mitte parate habete mittite iace audi iacite audite

Negative Imperatives • To make a negative imperative use • Noli = sing. • Nolite = plural + infinitive of the verb

Irregular Imperatives • Dico, dicere • Duco, ducere • Facio, facere • Fero, ferre Dic! Duc! Fac! Fer! Dicite! Ducite! Facite! Ferte!

Imperfect Tense • Incomplete action in the past • Translate as “was, were”

st 1 Conj. Imperfect Tense amo, amare – drop “re”= stem + ba + endings • Sing. • amabam • amabas • amabat Plu. amabamus amabatis amabant

nd 2 Conj. Imperf Tense habeo, habēre – drop “re”= stem + ba + endings • Sing. • habebam • habebas • habebat Plu. habebamus habebatis habebant

rd 3 Conj. Imperf Tense mitto, mittere – drop “o”= stem + e + ba + endings • Sing. Plu. • mittebam • mittebas • mittebat mittebamus mittebatis mittebant

rd 3 Conj. IO Imperfect Tense iacio, iacere – drop “o”= stem + e + ba + endings • Sing. Plu. • iaciebam • iaciebas • iaciebat iaciebamus iaciebatis iaciebant

th 4 Conj. Imperf Tense audio, audire – drop “re”= stem + e + ba + endings • Sing. Plu. • audiebam • audiebas • audiebat audiebamus audiebatis audiebant