Verben Wiederholung DEUTSCH III NOTIZEN Essential Terms infinitive

Verben Wiederholung DEUTSCH III NOTIZEN

Essential Terms �infinitive: the basic form of a verb; the way you find it in the dictionary; they all end in -en �stem: the basic "meaning" part of the verb; the infinitive minus the final -en �ending: the letter(s) added to the stem that match a given subject �conjugate: to put the correct endings on a verb �participle: the form of the verb that is used with "haben" or "sein" to show the past, as in "ich habe gelernt, “ or "er ist gegangen".

Das Präsens (Present Tense) �Present Tense Endings: ich = -e du = -st er/sie/es = -t wir = -en ihr = -t Sie/sie = -en

Helping Verbs Haben Sein � ich = habe � ich = bin � du = hast � du = bist � er/sie/es = hat � er/sie/es = ist � wir = haben � wir = sind � ihr = habt � ihr = seid � Sie/sie = haben � Sie/sie = sind

Stem-Changing Verbs �What I call “funky” verbs �Stem-changing verbs = the vowel of the stem (and sometimes some consonants as well) changes in the “du” and “er/sie/es” forms ONLY �Possible vowel changes: a ä e i e ie

Stem-Changing Verbs Fahren Geben Sehen � ich = � du = � er/sie/es = � wir = � ihr = � Sie/sie =

Stem-Changing Verbs �A few more popular stem-changing verbs: nehmen: lesen: schlafen: laufen: tragen:

6 Modal Verbs and “Wissen” �Have different rules/patterns �Stems: For all but sollen there’s a stem change in ALL 3 SINGULAR FORMS �Endings: No endings at all in the “ich” and “er/sie/es” forms

Modal Verbs Müssen Können Wollen � ich = � du = � er/sie/es = � wir = � ihr = � Sie/sie =

Modal Verbs Sollen Dürfen Mögen � ich = � du = � er/sie/es = � wir = � ihr = � Sie/sie =

“Wissen” Wissen � ich = � du = � er/sie/es = � wir = � ihr = � Sie/sie =

Futur �“werden” = will �Pattern = werden (conjugated) + infinitive (at the end) Werden � ich = � du = � er/sie/es = � wir = � ihr = � Sie/sie =

Futur �Example: “I will go to town this afternoon. ” �Remember your WORD ORDER = time + manner + place �Translation: �How else would we say this? Germans are the same way… �How about – “I’m going to town this afternoon. ” �Translation:

Das Perfekt �Meanings in English: Perfect tense Past perfect tense Conversational past �Formation = helping verb (2 nd slot of sentence; conjugated) + past participle (end of sentence) �Most verbs use haben as the helping verb

Das Perfekt �Sein is used with a: Change of location Change of condition/state of being (ex: sterben) �Exceptions: bleiben (to stay) and sein itself

Das Perfekt �Das Partizip (Past Participle): Weak verbs = ge + stem + -t Strong verbs = ge + stem** + -(e)n �**Some strong verbs change the stem used in the past participle these just have to be memorized Hybrid verbs = ge + changed stem (like strong verbs) + -t (like weak verbs)

Das Perfekt �If the verb has a separable prefix, then the “ge” goes between the prefix and the stem �Examples: Präsens Perfekt �Typically if the verb has no prefix & is more than 2 syllables, there is no “ge” in the past participle �Examples: Präsens Perfekt mitmachen mitgemacht studieren studiert aufstehen aufgestanden besucht mitkommen mitgekommen verstehen verstanden

Üben Wir!!! Verb kommen dekorieren erleben zumachen sagen beginnen einkaufen aufsteigen schreiben "ge-" at the beginning (most verbs) No "ge-" (unaccented) "ge-" between separable prefix and stem