VERBALS What is a verbal Verbals can be

VERBALS What is a verbal? Verbals can be tricky. A verbal is a verb masquerading as another part of speech; it’s a verb in disguise. Gerunds, participles, and infinitives are 3 different types of verbals; you use them everyday!

--Gerunds-- A gerund is the form of a verb that ends in “–ing” and functions as a NOUN in a sentence. In a sentence, a gerund can have 4 different functions: EX 1: Shopping is excellent recreation. The noun “shopping” is the subject of this sentence. EX 2: My friends and I like shopping. The noun “shopping” is the direct object of the verb. EX 3: Mom gave me money for shopping. The noun “shopping” is object of the preposition “for. ” EX 4: My hobby is singing karaoke. The noun “singing” is a predicate noun (renames hobby)

INFINITIVE = to + verb • An infinitive is a verb form introduced by the word “to” that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. I plan to read a book on Saturday. (The infinitive “to read” is a noun used as a direct object, so it is a noun. ) Memory Trick: An infinitive is as easy to see as a black-eyed pea.

Determine the infinitive. _____We would like to fish on Saturday if the boat is repaired. _____Is it time to go to lunch? _____ When we go to a Mexican restaurant, I always want to get cheese dip. _____ When we get to work quickly, we learn more!

Infinitive practice • On your own, try writing 3 sentences that include infinitives. • An infinitive consists of “to” + a verb base. Example: I would like to see a movie this Friday.

Participle Definition: A participle is the verb form ending in –d, –ed, or –ing that is used as an ADJECTIVE. (past participle adds –d or –ed to the verb stem) (present participle adds –ing to the verb stem) The butterfly fluttering near the daisy is a monarch. (The adjective fluttering modifies “butterfly. ”)

What does “FORM OF A VERB” mean? The different parts of a verb, for ex: • Verb base or stem ----jump • Present participle = add –ing ----jumping • Past participle = add --ed ----jumped (if a verb ends in “e, ” add only –d; ex: skated) ELA Red Text Chapter 18 “Using Verbs Correctly” pg 506+ See also: http: //www. grammarmonster. com/lessons/verbs. htm

1. What is the difference in the function of the word FISHING in each sentence below? _____Is fishing fun? (Turn the question into a statement to help you determine the parts of the sentence: Fishing is fun. ) _____Go get the fishing equipment. _____I suggest he get a fishing license before he decides to go fishing. 2. Determine verb mood for each sentence 3. Write 3 sentences using an –ing or –d/ed word as an ADJECTIVE

Quiz 1. _______Our cat stared at the singing robin. 2. _______The freezing lady put on her sweater. 3. _______ Pilots must practice flying. 4. _______ Flying in a storm takes practice. 5. _______ I’m lucky to go to such a safe school. 6. _______To ignore a sore throat is a bad idea.

QUIZ challenge questions 7. Do you want to go to the early movie or to the late one? Verbal (s): _________ 8. Deciding on one will be hard. 7. Hearing her dad’s voice on the phone, Jen answered quickly. 8. The news showed pictures of houses destroyed by the tornado.

Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. singing—participle (adj describing robin) Freezing—participle (adj describing lady) Flying—gerund (direct object of practice) Flying—gerund (subject of the sentence) To go—infinitive (acting as an adverb: tells how you are lucky). 6. To ignore—infinitive (acting as a noun : it’s the subject of the sentence)

Key 7. To go—infinitive (noun-acting as DO of verb) 8. Deciding—gerund (noun—acting as subject) 9. Hearing—participle (phrase hearing. . . phone) modifies Jen. 10. destroyed—participle (modifies houses)