Verbals verbals Verbals and verbal phrases are formed
![Verbals Verbals](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-1.jpg)
Verbals
![verbals Verbals and verbal phrases are formed from words we recognize as verbs, but verbals Verbals and verbal phrases are formed from words we recognize as verbs, but](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-2.jpg)
verbals Verbals and verbal phrases are formed from words we recognize as verbs, but that are serving some other function.
![There are three kinds of verbals: • Participle – verbal acting as adj. • There are three kinds of verbals: • Participle – verbal acting as adj. •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-3.jpg)
There are three kinds of verbals: • Participle – verbal acting as adj. • Gerund – verbal ending with the -ing suffix, acting as noun • Infinitive –
![Infinitives An infinitive is a verbal consisting of the word “to” followed by a Infinitives An infinitive is a verbal consisting of the word “to” followed by a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-4.jpg)
Infinitives An infinitive is a verbal consisting of the word “to” followed by a verb in its simplest "stem" form, and functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb: • To ask • To try • To graduate • To celebrate
![Infinitives Note that “to” is also used as a preposition. Pay close attention to Infinitives Note that “to” is also used as a preposition. Pay close attention to](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-5.jpg)
Infinitives Note that “to” is also used as a preposition. Pay close attention to the word following “to”: if it is followed by an action word, you likely have an infinitive; if it is followed by a noun or an adjective, you probably have a prepositional phrase.
![Infinitives He needed to ask a question. “ask” = action (verb) “to ask” = Infinitives He needed to ask a question. “ask” = action (verb) “to ask” =](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-6.jpg)
Infinitives He needed to ask a question. “ask” = action (verb) “to ask” = infinitive The students went to Mc. Donald’s for lunch. “Mc. Donald’s” = noun “to Mc. Donald’s” = prep. phrase They went to the newest French restaurant. “the” = adjective “to the newest French restaurant” = prep. phrase
![Split infinitives Avoid splitting the parts of the infinitive (“to” + verb stem) with Split infinitives Avoid splitting the parts of the infinitive (“to” + verb stem) with](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-7.jpg)
Split infinitives Avoid splitting the parts of the infinitive (“to” + verb stem) with adverbs: Bad: He had to quickly decide before acting. Better: He had to decide quickly before acting.
![Gerunds • The gerund is a verb form used as a noun, and ends Gerunds • The gerund is a verb form used as a noun, and ends](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-8.jpg)
Gerunds • The gerund is a verb form used as a noun, and ends in –ing. • Since gerunds act as nouns, they may be used in one of the following ways: subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, or predicate nominative.
![Gerunds Example: Running is good exercise. • In the example above, note that the Gerunds Example: Running is good exercise. • In the example above, note that the](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-9.jpg)
Gerunds Example: Running is good exercise. • In the example above, note that the word “running” is the subject of the sentence, and any word acting as the subject must be a noun, or a word acting as a noun. • We normally think of “running” as action, but in this case, the word is not used to describe what some subject is doing.
![Gerund phrases: Gerund phrases are phrases comprised of a gerund and its modifiers. • Gerund phrases: Gerund phrases are phrases comprised of a gerund and its modifiers. •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-10.jpg)
Gerund phrases: Gerund phrases are phrases comprised of a gerund and its modifiers. • Running in place is good exercise. • His daily running was a routine he made sure never to miss.
![Gerunds • Running is good exercise. (noun) • We were running in the race. Gerunds • Running is good exercise. (noun) • We were running in the race.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-11.jpg)
Gerunds • Running is good exercise. (noun) • We were running in the race. (verb) • He put on his running shoes before heading out. (adjective)
![5 ways nouns are used: • Running is good exercise. (subject) • He enjoys 5 ways nouns are used: • Running is good exercise. (subject) • He enjoys](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-12.jpg)
5 ways nouns are used: • Running is good exercise. (subject) • He enjoys reading in his spare time. (d. o. ) • He gave running on his bad ankle a try, but it was too painful. (i. o. ) • He always talks about fishing. (o. p. ) • One thing he has always enjoyed is cooking, and the fancier the meal the better. (p. n. )
![Participles • Participles are verb forms (words we recognize as verbs, or “action” words) Participles • Participles are verb forms (words we recognize as verbs, or “action” words)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-13.jpg)
Participles • Participles are verb forms (words we recognize as verbs, or “action” words) which are behaving as adjectives. As such, they are NOT verbs. • Present participles end in –ing • Past participles end in –d or –ed, or may take an irregular form (“broken, ” for example)
![Participles • I wore my running shoes for the race. Verb: He is running Participles • I wore my running shoes for the race. Verb: He is running](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-14.jpg)
Participles • I wore my running shoes for the race. Verb: He is running for president. • The finished product looked very professional. Verb: We finished the book yesterday. • The forest was filled with animals and fallen trees. Verb: The tree had fallen across the street.
![Participial phrases: participial phrases are phrases comprised of a participle and its modifiers. As Participial phrases: participial phrases are phrases comprised of a participle and its modifiers. As](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/1b4cc2c69fb4f7de2165a8085082b3bf/image-15.jpg)
Participial phrases: participial phrases are phrases comprised of a participle and its modifiers. As such, these phrases act as adjective phrases. • [Finished] with his homework, he turned on the television. • The candidate, [running] for mayor, gave speeches all over the city.
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