VERBALS 9 th grade literature VERBALS There are
VERBALS 9 th grade literature
VERBALS • There are three types of verbals in the English language. • Gerunds • Participles • Infinitives
WHAT IS A GERUND? • A gerund is a verb that ends in –ing and acts like a noun. • Example: • He was eating in class. (The word eating is a Verb) • Eating in class is not allowed. (The eating is now acting as a Noun) • Practice: Find the –ing word in each sentence determine if it is a verb or is acting as a noun. 1. Smoking in public areas should be banned.
WHAT IS A PARTICIPLE? • A participle is a verb ending in either –ing or –ed that acts as an adjective to modify nouns and pronouns. • Example: The children, crying and exhausted, were guided out of the collapsed house. • Crying is a present participle (ing) • Exhausted is a past participle (ed) • Both participles modify the word children
EXAMPLES OF PARTICIPLES? Underline the participles in the following examples: 1. I like that shining star. 2. A laughing girl is stronger than a complaining girl. 3. I believe in broken, fractured, complicated narratives, but I believe in narratives as a vehicle for truth, not simply as a form of entertainment. 4. During the thunderstorm the frightened cat hid under the bed.
WHAT IS AN INFINITIVE? An infinitive is a verb preceded by the word to. (to + verb = infinitive) Infinitives function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in sentences. Because an infinitive is not a verb you can never add s, ed, or ing to the end. Example: It was difficult to see through the fog. She is happy to help us.
INFINITIVE EXAMPLES? Underline the infinitives in the following examples. 1. It is easy to bake a cake. 2. To sleep is the only thing that Eli wants after his double shift. 3. No matter how interesting the dissection is Mary refuses to look at the experiment. 4. Wherever Mary goes she always brings a book to read.
GUIDED PRACTICE Determine whether the following examples are gerunds, participles, or infinitives. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The children’s singing and laughing woke me up. Jenny likes to dance in the rain. There are many ways of breaking a heart. A broken heart will mend over time. “Happiness is having a large, loving, caring, close-knit family in another city. ” (George Burns)
GUIDED PRACTICE 6. I believe that laughing is the best calorie burner. 7. I don’t want to achieve immortality through my work. 8. Succeeding is not enough. 9. Running is my favorite sport. 10. She had swollen eyes after crying all night.
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