Verb Use Part I Verb Use What are

Verb Use

Part I Verb Use What are the principal parts of the verb?

Essential Vocabulary -Verb l A principal part of the sentence A verb tells of a action or state of being Example: He runs in the quarter mile race every year. (present) He is running in the quarter mile race this year. (present participle) He ran in the quarter mile race. (past) He has run in the quarter mile race every year. (past participle) l

What are the principal parts of a verb? Every verb has four principal parts : Example l present look l present participle looking l past looked l past participle had looked l

How are the principal parts used? The principle parts are used to form all of a verb’s tenses and forms

What are the two kinds of verb forms? Regular – a regular verb forms its past and past participle by adding -ed or d to the present *See page 130 l Irregular- irregular verbs form their past and past participle in some other way. * See pages 131 -132 l

Write the four principal parts of the following verbs l l l l l Wait Cook Stop Bake Paint Dream Open Climb Plan play

Use the past or past participle form of the following verbs in a sentence l l l l Make Put Hold Lead Hit Burst Leave Sell l Find Feel say

Part II Verb Tense

What is verb tense? l Tense is a verb form that shows the time of an action or condition.

What are the most frequently used tenses? l l Simple Perfect Progressive

What is the simple verb tense? l l Simple – shows that an action or a condition occurs regularly or is generally true Present - travel Past - traveled Future - will or shall travel

What is a Perfect Tense? l Perfect- shows that an action or condition was completed at one or more indefinite times in the past. present perfect – have traveled Past perfect - had traveled Future perfect - will have traveled

Identify the verb tense in each sentence. Simple tenses (past, present, future) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cosmo left for Europe yesterday. The travel agent will plan a fantastic trip for him. Michelle wants to hear the details Cosmo promises to tell us at lunch time. We will meet at noon Michelle and her friends were patient.

Identify the following Perfect tenses ( present perfect, past, future) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. By Saturday we will have finished our recycling project. My dog had stolen the cats food. The gymnast has never lost her confidence. The farm workers had generally gone before dawn. By Tuesday Tisha will have landed her plane for the first time.

What is a Progressive Tense? l l l The progressive form of a verb expresses an event in progress It is formed by using a form of the verb be with the present participle Present progressive - am reading Past progressive - was reading Future progressive - will be reading

The Present Progressive Describes and action or state of being in progress Example: Rescue teams are hurrying to the disaster area. l

Past Progressive Describes an action or state of being ongoing in the past Example: Families were searching all day for the missing. l

Future Progressive Describes an action or state of being ongoing in the future Example: The governor will be touring the scene soon. l

What is the Perfect Progressive Tense? l l The perfect progressive tense shows actions that begin and are in progress before another action occurs It is formed by adding has, had, or will + past tense of “be” + present participle Present perfect progressive – has been falling Past Perfect progressive – had been falling Future Perfect Progressive- will have been falling

The Present Perfect Progressive Describes an action or state of being that started in the past and continues in the present. Example: Volunteers have been searching the rubble for survivors. l

Past Perfect Progressive Describes an action or state of being interrupted by another past action. Example: Before this tremor, scientists had been predicting possible activity along the fault. l

Future Perfect Progressive Describes an action or state of being that will take place by a specific future time. Example: By noon, some people will have been trapped for two full days. l

Identify the Progressive Form used in each sentence 1. 2. 3. 4. The scientists are studying the destruction from the earthquake. We had been sleeping when we heard the rumble of the earthquake. The reporter has been talking all morning about the damage caused by the earthquake. After the earthquake hit the island , the rain was rushing down the hillsides.

Identify the Progressive Form Used In Each Sentence 6. Many people have been living in the streets for the past few days. 7. At the end of the month , the team will have been inspecting the city’s buildings for one year. 8. The tsunami will be hitting the coastline in only a few moments.

PART III SHIFTS IN VERB TENSE

How do you shift the tense of verbs? In most cases use the same verb tense within a sentence to describe events that happen at approximately the same time. Ex. Mark finished his assignment and turned on a television channel l *both verbs are past tense

Shifts in verb tense l Some situations require you to shift tenses within a sentence. You can use a progressive form and a simple tense to describe an ongoing action interrupted by a single event. Ex. Mark was watching a nature program l past progressive about Alaska when he decided to find out more simple past about the state. l Note both verbs are past tense l The shift must be in the same time frame

Choose The Correct Verb 1. 2. 3. One day Hon Mc. Phee was flying a helicopter over Alaska , and he (is seeing, saw) an old plane wreck down below. 2. He (was traveling, travels) with officials who were looking for a site for a new sate capital. He learned that the plane was a World War Ii bomber ; it (had crashed, will have crashed) during a training flight.

Choose The Correct Verb 5. The crew of five (will be conducting , was conducting) some tests when some of the plane’s controls broke. 6. A search team later found the burned remains of the other two crew members in the crashed plane; they (had failed, were failing) to get out in time. 7. Leon Crane piloted the plane; he (had been , was ) the only one of the five who survived.

Part IV Active/ Passive Voice

What is the Voice of a Verb? l When the subject of the verb performs the action expressed, the voice is active Ex. The group performed a series of subject verb acrobatic tricks.

What is the Voice of the Verb? When the subject receives the action performed by the verb, the verb is in the passive voice. Ex. A series of acrobatic tricks was performed by the group. When the verb is in the passive voice a form of the verb “Be” (is, was, were , are, am, been) will be a part of the verb phrase. “was performed”

Why “active voice” is desirable? l l l Passive voice used too often will make writing vague and lifeless. Passive voice carries very little authority. Passive voice makes the writer appear to be less knowledgeable about his/her subject.

When is it acceptable to use “passive voice”? l Use passive voice when you want to emphasize the receiver of the action or when the performer of the action is not known.

How to change passive voice to active voice 1. Determine the verb and the performer of the action. Ex. The space station is being lived in by the astronauts. l 2. Move the performer of the action before the verb and change the verb to active voice. Ex. Astronauts is living in the space station. 3. Make sure the verb agrees in number with the new subject. Ex. Astronauts are living in the space station. l

Identify the following as either active or passive voice. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The car hit a tree. On the third strike the catcher dropped the ball. They were given free tickets. The game was won by the visitors. Luis won the game by hitting a home run. The Teacher closed the door

Part V Commonly Confused Verbs

Lie/ Lay Lie – to rest in a flat position Ex. Someday I would like to lie on a beach and watch whales Lay – to place Ex. Lay your binoculars on the table.

Learn/ Teach Learn- receiving information Ex. In biology class we learned about whale migration. l l Teach – giving information Ex. Ms. Rodriguez taught us that whales travel great distances

Raise/ Rise Raise- someone or something is lifting up someone or something up Ex. A large wave raised the boat high into the air. Rise- When something is lifting itself up Ex. Whales must rise up above the water often to breathe.

Set/ Sit Set – means to place something. It requires a direct object. Ex. The captain of the boat set our course. direct object Sit – to occupy a seat o a place Ex. We must all sit down in our desks before we can leave.