Verb Tenses Verbs How do we use verbs

Verb Tenses

Verbs �How do we use verbs? �Make Statements – expressing facts, opinions, describe thoughts and desires, etc. � Indicative �Ask Questions – seeking information about the subject � Interrogative �Give commands, advice, etc. to the subject � Imperative �Provide information about the subject � Linking (to a description) �Make “what if” statements � Conditional � If I won the lottery, I would take a month long trip to Alaska. � If pigs could fly, the world would be in trouble.

Verbs �Time is often, but not always, important when describing an action or state �Two aspects: �First, when: � Already happen? (Past) � Currently happening? (Present) � Has not yet happened? (Future)

Verbs �Time is often important when describing an action or state �Two aspects: �Second, comparative time � Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple) � What did you do yesterday? I made cookies.

Verbs �Time is often important when describing an action or state �Two aspects: �Second, comparative time � Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple) � The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous) � What were you doing when I called? I was making cookies.

Verbs �Time is often important when describing an action or state �Two aspects: �Second, comparative time Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple) � The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous) � � The action was completed at some important point in time (Perfect) � What were you doing when I called? I had made cookies.

Verbs �Time is often important when describing an action or state �Two aspects: �Second, comparative time Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple) � The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous) � The action was completed at some important point in time (Perfect) � � The action was on-going for some significant time; it may or may not be completed at the important point in time (Perfect Continuous) � You sounded tired when I called. I had been making cookies for hours!

Verb Tenses �There are 12 verb tenses in English �The time element is reflected in the tense Simple Continuous (In-Process) Perfect (Completed) Perfect Continuous Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future Continuous Future Perfect Continuous � When the “the important point of time” occurs (past, present, future), determines which tense to use

Forming Verb Tenses �Two primary ways our various languages create verb tenses �Conjugation -> change the form of the verb � Walk/walked; run/ran; sleep/slept; play/played �Use of Auxiliary (or Helping) Verbs -> use of additional specific verbs to provide the information � Ex: I will walk around the lake. � Ex: I had been walking around the park. �Most languages use both, but to different degrees

Background �English both, but uses auxiliary verbs far more than most other languages �Conjugation -> English has 5 verbs forms �Auxiliary (or Helping verbs) -> English uses two: � To be -> to make continuous tenses -> express the idea of an on-going activity � Ex: He is watching TV. � He was watching a movie. � To have -> to make perfect tenses -> a completed action or event as of a specific point in time � Ex: I have finished my homework. � Ex: I will have finished my homework by tomorrow morning.

I Corinthians 13: 4 -8 4 Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud 5 or rude. Love does not demand its own way. Love is not irritable, and it keeps no record of when it has been wronged. 6 It is never glad about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. 7 Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance. 8 Love will last forever, … 13 There are three things that will endure – faith, hope, and love – and the greatest of these is love.

Verbs �Time is often, but not always, important when describing an action or state: �When: already happen? (Past); currently happening? (Present); has not yet happened? (Future) �Comparative Time: Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple) � What did you do yesterday? I made cookies. � The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous) � What were you doing when I called? I was making cookies. � The action was completed at some important point in time (Perfect) � What were you doing when I called? I had made cookies. � The action was on-going for some significant time; it may or may not be completed at the important point in time (Perfect Continuous) � You sounded tired when I called. “I had been making cookies for hours”. �

Verb Tenses �The time element is reflected in the tense �There are 12 verb tenses in English Simple Continuous (In-Process) Perfect (Completed) Perfect Continuous Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future Continuous Future Perfect Continuous � When the “the important point of time” occurs (past, present, future), determines which tense to use

Forming Verb Tenses �Two primary ways our various languages create verb tenses �Conjugation -> change the form of the verb � Walk/walked; run/ran; sleep/slept; play/played �Use of Auxiliary (or Helping) Verbs -> use of additional specific verbs to provide the information � Ex: I will walk around the lake. � Ex: I had walked around the park. �Most languages use both, but to different degrees

Forming Verb Tenses �English uses both, but uses auxiliary verbs far more than most other languages �Conjugation -> English has 5 verbs forms �Auxiliary (or Helping verbs) -> English uses two: � To be -> to make continuous tenses -> express the idea of an on-going activity � Ex: He is watching TV. � He was watching a movie. � To have -> to make perfect tenses -> a completed action or event as of a specific point in time � Ex: I have finished my homework. � Ex: I will have finished my homework by tomorrow morning.

I Corinthians 13: 4 -8 4 Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud 5 or rude. Love does not demand its own way. Love is not irritable, and it keeps no record of when it has been wronged. 6 It is never glad about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. 7 Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance. 8 Love will last forever, … 13 There are three things that will endure – faith, hope, and love – and the greatest of these is love.