verb Tenses Today were going to talk about

verb Tenses

Today, we're going to talk about the tenses. Now, if I say "I am beautiful, “ which tense is it? Obviously it is the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies) O = es (go – goes) S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes) he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English My sister watches TV Don`t We don´t study + verb Doesn´t She doesn´t study Present simple + ? A + S + V ? Do you study ? Does she study? Am V-ing Is Are I am studying you are studying v. V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons. , doblan cons. he is studying Run—running swim—swimming v. V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante I am not studying Begin—beginning You aren´t studying v. Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l He isn´t studying Travel—travelling v. Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing Am I studying? Die—dying Study- studying A + S + V ? Are you studying? Play-playing Is he studying? + present continuous + - ?

Present simple The simple present is used for two main types of action: Habits actions which happen regularly o on Sundays o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often – o every day, every week, Once a month, etc. States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc) present continuous The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action: § A temporary action happening now : Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future) Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro) § A definite plan for the future : Something we intend to do, usually in the near future. Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit ØYoung-Mi goes to class every day. "Every day" is a habit. ØIt rains a lot in Vancouver. This means that it rains often. ØSantos always talks about his family. ØJerry spends Christmas with his parents. States "Always" means this is a habit. This implies that he spends Christmas with his parents every year. ØBianca lives in Florida. This is a state, because it doesn't change. ØJean-Paul has red hair. Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change. ØMartin likes chocolate. When we like something, usually we will always like it. ØAnna believes in God. Beliefs and opinions are states. They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in Spanish. Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these: verbs describing thought processes and opinions: think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree… verbs describing emotions: want, like, love, hate, adore, detest… verbs describing the senses: see, hear, taste, feel, smell… This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous. It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions At the end of the sentence How often. . ? ØAlways ØUsually ØOften I do yoga twice a week v. Every day v. Once a day / week / month. . ØSometimes v. Twice a day / week / month. . ØHardly ever v. Three times a day / week / month. . ØNever Before the verb After to be v. Twelve times a day / week / month. . She often plays golf They are always hungry

Temporary action happening now John is winning the game. Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't finished yet. It's raining outside. It's raining right now (but it may stop soon). Soraya's working in the library. She's working there right now. Sihol is spending Christmas with his family. He's spending Christmas with his family right now, this year. (Maybe next year he won't. )

Choose the correct answer. 1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful. 2. What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed? 3. Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping. 4. How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother? 5. In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms. 6. Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it. 7. You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining. 8. He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat. 9. Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people. 10. Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any more.

Past Simple ♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson, Stop—stopped ♦ 2 syllables & stress in the Permit—permitted ♦ V ending in conson + y Study—studied Vowel + y + ed + Suj + 2 nd col - Suj + didn´t + verb ? I played I sang V+ -ed double consonant i + ed play - played Use v Past and finished actions. I didn´t play I didn´t sing Did+ Suj + verb ? 2 nd, double conson We visited the museum last week A+S+V ? Did you play? Did you sing? TIME EXPRESSIONS Yesterday last week/year 2 days ago In 2002 in the 80 s when then v A series of completed actions in the past When I opened the door, the dog barked at the postman. v Past states. The old lady lived in this house in 1887

Past Continuous + ? Was Were + V-ing Was Suj + Were + V-ing I was playing You were singing I wasn´t playing Wasn´t + V-ing You weren´t singing Suj + Weren´t Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing? Were you singing? A+S+V ? Time expressions: While , as , last at 3 o´clock night / week , Rem emb I , He , She , It er Was/ wasn´t You, we, they Were/weren´t

Usos : 1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después. Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas. I was studying all day yesterday I studied all day yesterday Parece q la acción d estudiar fue algo muy largo Solamente informas, no quieres dar la idea de cuánto tiempo pasaste estudiando 2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo. While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework 3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una mas breve. I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous q Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS She was talking on the phone when he arrived q Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el ambiente suelen ir en PC. It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do. He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb went Last weekend Carmela ………. to the cinema didn´t like to see "The Others". Carmela ………………. it was because it……………. about ghosts and she is afraid was going of them. While she …………… home with her friend felt Lola, she …………… very strange. heard They ……………a noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It was raining weren´t ………………. . a lot and there …………………any taxis on the street, so decided was they …………to go home walking. The noise ……………. . still were trying behind them and while they …………………. to see what or who was went ……………. . it , the lights on the street …………………. out and they were crying ………………. for five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here is an article about how many words women use a day: 30, 000 to a man's 15, 000 What ? 'The reason has to be because we have to repeat everything to men. . .

Present perfect + ? Have Has + V-ed 3ª col I have worked She has written I haven´t worked She hasn´t written Have you worked? Has she written ? A+S+V ? Time expressions Ever , never , yet , just , Already , lately , how long. . ? For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS • EVER : (Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo. Have you ever been in London? • NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa. I have never seen a class like this. • FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace) I´ve known him for twenty years. (Le conozco desde hace 20 años) • SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción. I´ve known her since 1994. (La conozco desde 1994) • JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo. Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo” I´ve just washed my hair ( Me acabo de lavar el pelo). • ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo). ( “ Ya” ) I´ve already seen that film ( Ya he visto esa película) Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos? ) • YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase) Negativas. (aún, todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado) Interrogativas (“ya”) Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico? )

s o s u q Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento. I have eaten Chinese food many times q Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron tiempo atrás. (Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se hacen con “How long. . ? ” I´ve lived here for five years ( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 añostodavía vivo aquí) q Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver. We´ve painted the kitchen q Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos “just” entre el aux. y el verbo The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT ØPast Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado. When did Sam go to India? Last June ØPresent Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento indeterminado. Sam has been to India. ØPast Simple: acciones completamente acabadas. I lived in India in 1992. ØPresent Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan en el presente. I´ve lived in India since 1992. ØPast Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2 years ago. ØPresent Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect 1 you / go / on holiday last year? Did you go on holiday last year? _______________ 2 you / ever / go / to England? Have you ever been to England? _______________ 3 I / never / try / windsurfing I’ve never tried windsurfing _______________ 4 Maria / study / photography last year _______________ Maria studied photography last year. 5 your teacher / ever / live in England? Has your teacher ever lived in England? _______________

Choose the correct answer. 1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday. 2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday? 3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies. 4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise. 5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002. 6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet? 7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago. 8. I never ate / have never eaten here before. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple. haven’t found 1. I am still looking for my ticket. I …………… (not find) it yet. 2. The basketball game …………… (finish) an hour ago. finished 3. ……………… you ever ……………… (see) so many fans at a game? Have seen 4. My little brother …………… (not drink) anything at all yesterday. didn’t drink 5. I …………… (never eat) snails before. have never eaten 6. Did do ……………… you ……………… (do) your homework last week?

Even a woodpecker owes his success to the fact that he uses his head

Present perfect continuous Present perfect of “to be” For a year , since 2002 , I haven´t been working She hasn´t been studying ? Have you been working ? Has she been studying ? V-ing Time expressions She has been studying - + ( llevar + gerundio) I have been working + Have been Has been how long. . ? All day / night / week … Use ü An action that started in the past and which still continues in the present. (Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción) She has been working here for 2 years ü An action whose results are still apparent. I´m still tired. . I have been studying all night

Past t c e f r e p + - Had + V-ed 3ª col Time expressions Already , by the time, after , I had worked Before, Until , never , just I hadn´t worked ? Had you worked ? Use A completed action which took place before another action in the past By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started Past Perfect Past Present Future

t c e f r e p t s a P s u o u n i t n co + I had been - I hadn´t been ? Had you been ? Past perfect of “to be” had been + V-ing (llevaba + gerundio) Time expressions For hours , since last year All morning , when , until , before Use Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”. We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect Simple. Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia got was driving (1) …………… (get) his truck stuck* while he (2) …………… (drive) on a had arrived small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) …………… (arrive) in didn’t speak Britain only a few hours before, (4) …………… (not speak) English and became (5) …………… (become) very upset. This was not surprising because he had knocked (6) …………… (knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before. broke Similarly, a large lorry (7) …………… (break) Dorothea North’s front gate was travelling while it (8) …………… (travel) through her small British village, Wedmore. happened Both these accidents (9) …………… (happen) because the lorry drivers weren’t watching (10) …………… (not watch) where they were going. They were using (11) …………… (use) their GPS navigational systems instead. *Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado *Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

Future q TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO ( Futuro de intención) • Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo. Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday. • Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en que hablamos. Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm. q FUTURE SIMPLE will + inf • Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que hablamos (ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias, amenazas. . ) I think you´ll learn this very quickly The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it • Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión. He won´t come.

E R U T FU + ? S U O U N I T N O C I will be studying I won´t be studying Will you be studying ? Use FUTURE perfect + ? s n o i s s e r p x e e Tim ime next… t s i h t t a e, At this tim cade e d t x e n e y , in th a d s r u h T On An action in progress at a certain time in the future At this time next year, I will be studying Law in Madrid V-ed Future de “have” + 3ª col I will have studied I won´t have studied Will you have studied? Future de “to be” + V-ing Time expressions Use By this time next week, by 10 o´clock…, In three months A completed action at a certain time in the future. By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer. 1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting. a. have been c. will have been b. had been d. was 2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before. a. have lost c. didn’t lose b. had lost d. will have lost 3. They had read the book before they … the film. a. saw c. will have seen b. had seen d. has seen 4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country. a. had left c. will have left b. have left d. left 5. He … cooking before he got the job. a. hasn’t studied b. won’t have studied c. hadn’t studied d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous. A goes Jill usually (1) _____ (go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2) doesn’t have had _____ (not have) time. Last week she (3) _____ (have) a test at school, but ’s studying she (4) _____ (not pass) it. So today she (5) _____ (study) for her didn’t pass exams. B is talking At the moment, Billy (6) _____ (talk) to a police officer, because he (7) saw was driving _____ (see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) _____ (drive) too fast when a dog ran (9) _____ (run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) _____ (not die). didn’t die

Choose the correct answer 1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited for you since ten o’clock. 2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come to Sam’s party last night? 3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have been having dinner. 4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering / had been suffering / has suffered from poor health. He’s feeling better now and may return. 5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous. 1. Why did you go to the doctor? Because my leg has been hurting all week. (my leg / hurt / all week) 2. Do you like Martin? I don’t know. I have just met him. . (just meet / him) 3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday? No, I I haven’t seen her for a week. (not see / her / for a week) 4. Why is his electricity bill so high? Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day. (use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when it's dirty and black when it's clean ? A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect? B (bee) What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head? I (eye) What letter is a drink? T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water? C (sea) What letter is an exclamation ? O (oh!) What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not once in a thousand years ? the letter m