Verb Review Perfect System 2014 Perfect System Tense

Verb Review: Perfect System 2014

Perfect System Tense Review

Finding the Perfect Stem Find the third principal part of the verb. duco ducere duxi doctus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. duxi -i = dux

Perfect Active Tense The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings Singular First Person Second Person Third Person Plural i I imus we isti you istis you it he, she, it erunt they Perfect Active Endings

First Person dux i I led I have led I did lead duximus Second Person Third Person dux isti dux it You led You have led You did lead He led He has led He did lead Perfect Active dux istis dux erunt We led We have led We did lead You led You have led You did lead They led They have led They did lead

Perfect Passive Tense 4 th PP + Present Tense of “sum” Perfect Passive ductus – a - um sum I have been led ductus – a - um es ductus –a -um est He has been led ducti –ae -a sumus We have been led ducti –ae –a estis You have been led sunt They have been led ducti – ae -a You have been led

Past Perfect/Pluperfect Tense -ERA-ERA-

E. Rat HAD the flu last winter. E.

Past Perfect/Pluperfect Tense -ERA-ERA-

Past Perfect/Pluperfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + era + Personal Endings dux era m I had led dux era s duxera t You had led He had led duxeramus We had led dux era tis You had led duxerant They had led

Past Perfect/Pluperfect Passive Tense 4 th PP + imperfect Tense of Sum ductus – a - um eras You had been led ductus –a -um erat He had been led I had been led ducti –ae -a eramus We had been led ducti –ae –a eratis You had been led ducti – ae -a erant They had been led

Future Perfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + eri + Present Endings Pluperfect Active duxero dux eris dux eri t I will have led You will have led He will have led duxeri mus We will have led dux eri tis You will have led dux eri nt They will have led

Future Perfect Passive Tense PPP + Future Tense of Sum Future Perfect Passive Tense ductus – a - um ero I will have been led ductus – a - um eris ductus –a -um erit He will have been led ducti –ae -a erimus We will have been led ducti –ae –a eritis You will have been led erunt They will have been led ducti – ae -a You will have been led

Perfect Passive System 1. Uses the fourth principal part which is called the perfect passive participle (PPP). amo, amare, amavi, amatus. -a. -um 2. The perfect passive participle (PPP) is a verbal adjective and must agree with the subject of the sentence. If If If the the the subject subject is is is puella (feminine singular), the PPP will be ducta. puellae (feminine plural), the PPP will be ductae. vir (masculine singular), the PPP will be ductus. viri (masculine plural), the PPP will be ducti. oppidum (neuter singular), the PPP will be ductum. oppida (neuter plural), the PPP will be ducta.