Vehicle Sizing PDR Team Canard September 14 th

Vehicle Sizing PDR Team “Canard” September 14 th, 2006 Team 1: Dane Batema Drew Capps Kyle Ryan John Tapee Benoit Blier Patricia Roman Audrey Serra Carlos Vergara AAE 451 Team 1

Overview Preliminary Wing Loading and Power Loading Estimate: - Equations for each constraint - Constraint diagram - Engineering judgment Preliminary Weight Estimate: -Method of weight estimation -Database of historical weight data Summary AAE 451 Team 1 2

Constraint Equations • Stall • Cruise (Dash) • Climb AAE 451 Team 1 3

Power loading (lbf/hp) TAKEOFF AAE 451 Team 1 4

L m C ax = 1. 25 = 1. 35 15 1. = ax L m C Vdash = 90 mph (132 ft/s) STALL Vstall = 30 ft/s CD = 0. 020 Power loading (lbf/hp) 0 CD = 0. 024 0 CD = 0. 028 0 CLIMB (L/D)max = 12 (L/D)max = 10 SE I U CR AAE 451 Team 1 H) S A (D Design Point (1. 2, 4. 0) 5

Preliminary weight estimate METHOD • How much energy used in each mission phase • Estimation of the battery weight • Historical data AAE 451 Team 1 Intersection W 6

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : MISSION SEGMENTS • Takeoff • Climb to 20 ft • ¼ mile dash (straight level flight) • 5 minutes loiter (turning flight) • ¼ mile return at the most economical speed (straight level flight) AAE 451 Team 1 7

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : Takeoff : Guess: Given: Time TO = 5 seconds ρB= 2. 39 e 5 Joules/lb W/hp = 4 lb/hp AAE 451 Team 1 (Li. Po chosen for weight) ηmotor = 0. 75 8

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : Climb : Guess: Given: L/D climb = 10 ρB= 2. 39 e 5 Joules/lb Vto = 1. 1 Vstall = 33 ft/s (Li. Po chosen for weight) ηprop = 0. 75 35 ft ηmotor = 0. 75 γ 20 ft γ(climb angle) = 35° Distance Climb = V Tc = 35 ft AAE 451 Team 1 Tc = 1 second 9

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : ¼ mile dash : Guess: Given: L/D dash = 1. 5 ρB= 2. 39 e 5 Joules/lb (Li. Po chosen for weight) ηprop = 0. 75 ηmotor = 0. 75 Distance dash = V Td = 1320 ft AAE 451 Team 1 10

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : 5 minutes loiter : Guess: Given: Vloiter = 50 ft/s ρB= 2. 39 e 5 Joules/lb R = 100 ft (Li. Po chosen for weight) = atan (V²/Rg) L/D loiter = 10 ηprop = 0. 75 ηmotor = 0. 75 Tloiter = 300 seconds AAE 451 Team 1 11

AAE 451 Team 1 12

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : ¼ mile back : Guess: Given: L/D return = 10 ρB= 2. 39 e 5 Joules/lb (Li. Po chosen for weight) ηprop = 0. 75 ηmotor = 0. 75 Distance return = V Tr = 1320 ft AAE 451 Team 1 13

Preliminary weight estimate Estimation of the battery weight : 14. 94% 0. 66% 25. 51% 55. 06% 3. 83% Climbing phase can be neglected Wb = 3. 5% W and AAE 451 Team 1 14

AAE 451 Team 1 15

Preliminary weight estimate Analytical solution : First guess for W Calculate : a = W – We and b= Wb + Wp Calculate : a – b Iterate until a – b = 0 Find final total weight of the airplane : AAE 451 Team 1 W = 4. 99 lb 16

Preliminary weight estimate Graphic solution : AAE 451 Team 1 17

Summary • Design Point – Power Loading: 4. 0 lbf/hp – Wing Loading: 1. 2 lbf/ft 2 • Results – Wing Area = 4. 16 ft 2 – Horsepower = 1. 25 hp • Weight – Total: 4. 99 lbs – Battery: 78. 8 g AAE 451 Team 1 18