Vector Scalar and Units Review Vector vs Scalar

Vector, Scalar and Units Review

Vector vs. Scalar n Definitions: n Vectors are any quantity in physics that can be characterized by both its magnitude and direction. n Scalars are any quantity in physics that can be characterized by magnitude only.

What is Magnitude? n To keep is simple, magnitude can be thought of the value associated with a vector or scalar quantity. Ex. A boy runs 100 meters in the northerly direction in 20 seconds. What is the magnitude of his average velocity? n Ans. n Note: magnitude is the value 5 m/s, which is also the scalar component of the velocity vector. In this example, it is the speed.

d n Stands for? n Displacement or distance n The Units are? n meters (m) n Displacement is a vector quantity. n Distance is a scalar quantity.

v n Stands for? n Velocity or speed n The Units are? n meters per second (m/s) n Velocity is a vector quantity. n Speed is a scalar quantity, and is the magnitude of the velocity vector.

a, ac n Stands for? n Acceleration n ac represents centripetal acceleration, which is an inward directed acceleration that applies to objects moving in circular paths. n The Units are? n meters per second 2 (m/s 2) n Acceleration is a vector quantity.

m n Stands for? n mass n The Units are? n kilograms (kg) n Mass is a scalar quantity.

t n Stands for? n time n The Units are? n seconds (s) n Time is a scalar quantity.

F, Fg, Fe n Stands for? n Force n Fg = mg, is the force due to gravity or weight. n Fe is an electrostatic force. n The Units are? n Newtons (N) n Force is a vector quantity

p n Stands for? n Momentum = m v n The Units are? n Kilogram-meter per second (kg m/s) n momentum is a vector quantity.

J n Stands for? n Impulse = F t n The Units are? n Newton-second (N s) n Impulse is a vector quantity.

r n Stands for? n Radial distance between two points or objects. n The Units are? n meters (m) n r is a scalar quantity

E n Stands for? n Electric Field Intensity or Strength. n The Units are? n N/C (F/q) n V/m (V/d) n Electric Field Intensity is a vector quantity.

q n Stands for? n Charge n Units are? n Coulombs (C) n Alternate symbol representation: n Q or e n Charge is a scalar quantity.

I n Stands for? n Current (Flow of positive charge). n Units are? n Amperes (A) n Current is a scalar quantity

V n Stands for? n Volts / Voltage / Potential Difference / Electric Potential n The Units are? n Volts n Electric Potential is a scalar quantity.

R n Stands for? n Resistance (An electrical property of a material that is a measure of the resistance to flow of electrons in relation to an electrical potential. ) n The Units are? n Ohms (Ω) n Resistance is a scalar quantity.

n Stands for? n Resistivity (A natural property of a material that is a measure of the resistance to the flow of electrons. ) n The Units are? n Ω m

A n Stands for? n Cross-sectional area (of a conductor). n The Units are? n m 2

L n Stands for? n Length (of a conductor). n The Units are? nm

E n May also be represented by U or W n Stands for? n Energy n The Units are? n Joules (J) n Energy is a scalar quantity.

W n Stands for? n Work n The Units are? n Joules (J) n Work is a scalar quantity.

P n Stands for? n Power n The Units are? n Watts (W) n Joule per second (J/s) n Power is a scalar quantity.

B n Stands for? n Magnetic Field Intensity. n The Units are? n Tesla (T) n Magnetic Field Intensity is a vector quantity.

c n Stands for? n Speed of light n The Units are? n m/s n The Value is? n 3. 0 x 108 m/s

f n Stands for? n Frequency (The number of waves that pass a point in space per unit of time. ) n The Units are? n Hertz (Hz), cycles/second, or (1/s) n Frequency is a scalar quantity.

T n Stands for? n Period (The time required for a wave to complete 1 cycle, or one wavelength. ) n The Units are? n Seconds (s) n The period is a scalar quantity.

λ n Stands for? n Wavelength (The distance at which a wave will repeat the same pattern over again. ) n The Units are? n Meters (m) n Wavelength is a scalar quantity

n n Stands for? n Index of refraction (property of a material that is used to determine both the speed of light in that material and the amount that the light will bend. ) n Quantum energy level. n The Units are? n None

θi, θr, θ 1, θ 2 n Stands for? n Angle of incidence (θi) n Angle of reflection (θr) n Angle of incidence (θ 1) n Angle of refraction (θ 2) n All angles are relative to a normal to the surface.

h n Stands for? n Planck's Constant n The Units are? n Joule • second (J. s) n The value is: n 6. 626 x 10 -34 J. s

k n Stands for? n Electrostatic constant n The Units are? n Newtons • meters 2 / Coulombs 2 (Nm 2/C 2) n The Value is: n 8. 99 x 109 Nm 2/C 2

e n Stands for? n Elementary charge n Charge on a proton or electron n The Units are? n Coulombs (C) n The Value is: n 1. 6 x 10 -19 C

Kinematics Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Distance / Displacement d meters m Time t seconds Velocity / Speed v meters / second m/s Acceleration a meters / second 2 m/s 2 s

Forces Name Force Symbol Unit Name Symbol F Newton N (kg·m/s 2) Fnet = ma Newton N (kg·m/s 2) Normal Force FN or N Newton N (kg·m/s 2) Tensional Force FT or T Newton N (kg·m/s 2) Fg or W = mg Newton N (kg·m/s 2) Ff Newton N (kg·m/s 2) Fc = mv 2/r Newton N (kg·m/s 2) Net Force Weight / Gravitational Force Friction Centripetal Force Coefficient of Friction

Work & Energy Name Work Potential Energy Symbol W = Fd Unit Name Joule or Newton - meter Symbol J or Nm PE Joule J KE = ½mv 2 Joule J Internal Energy / Heat Q Joule J Power P Watt W or J/s Kinetic Energy Momentum Impulse Spring Constant P = mv J = Ft k Kilogram-meter/second Newton-second Newton/meter kg∙m/s N∙s N/m or kg/s 2

Electrostatics Name Symbol Unit Name Electrostatic Force Fe Newton Electric Field Intensity E Newtons/Coulomb Volts/Meter Charge Q, q Coulombs Symbol N N/C V/m C

Current Electricity Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Current I Amperes A Voltage / Potential Difference / Electric Potent. V Volts V Resistance R Ohms Resistivity Ohm – meter Cross-sectional Area A Meters 2 m 2 Length L Meters m Power P Watts Joules/second W J/s Energy E Joules J Work W Joules J m

Magnetism Name Magnetic Field Intensity Symbol B Unit Name Tesla Symbol T

Waves Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Speed v Meters/second m/s Speed of Light c Meters/second m/s Wavelength Meters m Frequency f Hertz (Hz) 1/seconds 1/s Period T Time (seconds) s

Light & Optics Name Symbol Unit Name Symbol Index of Refraction n None Angle of Incidence i, or 1 Degrees / Radians o, Rad Angle of Reflection r Degrees / Radians o, Rad Angle of Refraction 2 Degrees / Radians o, Rad

Constants Name Symbol Unit Name Planck’s Constant h 6. 626 E-34 J. s Electrostatic Constant k 8. 99 E 9 N. m 2/C 2 The elementary Charge e 1. 6 E-19 C Symbol

Vector or Scalar? Distance Speed Mass Scalars Power Charge Current Time Work Energy Kinetic Energy Pot. Energy Elect. Energy Internal Energy Voltage Resistance Wavelength Frequency Period Vectors Displacement Momentum Velocity Impulse Acceleration Electric Field Strength Force Weight Magnetic Normal Force Field Strength Tension Friction Centripetal Force