Varieties of American Nationalism Chapter 8 Varieties of

Varieties of American Nationalism Chapter 8

Varieties of American Nationalism n Biggest issues facing the US § The growing crisis over slavery § Domestic economic growth (creation of a nationalist economy) n A Growing Economy § Postwar Issues (currency) § Second Bank of the United States (1816) § Renewed charter of the first bank § Strengthened control over state banking industry § Growth of the Textile Industry (Lowell system) § Protective Tariff § Opposed by farmers

Varieties of American Nationalism American Imports and Exports, 1790 -1820

Varieties of American Nationalism n A Growing Economy (Transportation) Government-Funded Roads § Gallatin and construction of a National Road § Lancaster Turnpike § Steamboats § Increased trade, esp. along Mississippi River § Stimulated economic growth in South and West § Vetoing Internal Improvements § Madison vetoed Calhoun’s bill § Said authority to fund improvements fell to states, rather than federal government

Varieties of American Nationalism n Expanding Westward – The Great Migrations § Westward movement of white settlers was one of the most influential developments of the 19 th century § Population increase § Economic potential (fertile land, job opportunities) § The Factor System § Created a system in which Native Americans became dependent on the US government § Made natives “easier to control” – The Plantation System in Southwest § Cotton and the expansion of slavery

Varieties of American Nationalism n Expanding Westward – Trade and Trapping in the Far West § Astor’s American Fur Company (Great Lakes) § Moved from buying pelts from Native Americans to doing it themselves § The Fur Trade § “Mountain men” dependent on Eastern merchants § Lived peacefully with Native Americans and Mexicans

Varieties of American Nationalism n The “Era of Good Feelings” – The End of the First Party System § The Virginia Dynasty § Jefferson-Monroe were from VA § Monroe’s Goodwill Tour § Eased recent political tensions and marked the beginning of one party politics 8 James Monroe (Library of Congress)

Varieties of American Nationalism n The “Era of Good Feelings” – John Quincy Adams § The Seminole Wars and acquisition of Florida § Led by Andrew Jackson, demonstrated to the Spanish that US could easily take Florida by force § Adams-Onís Treaty § Treaty with Spain that gave Florida and territory in the Pacific NW to US, and US gave up Texas to Spain – The Panic of 1819 § Bank of US began limiting risky credit lending, which then led to bank failures, financial panic and an economic depression

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Varieties of American Nationalism n Sectionalism and Nationalism The Missouri Compromise - Tallmadge Amendment - bill that asked for an end to slavery in MO and the gradual freedom of existing slaves - Missouri Compromise (1819) - MO admitted as a slave, ME as free state - slavery banned north of MO Initially seen as a peaceful compromise, but just put off dealing with the growing issue of slavery.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Varieties of American Nationalism n Sectionalism and Nationalism – Marshall Court (see handout) § Dartmouth College v. Woodward § Mc. Cullough v. Maryland § Gibbons v. Ogden – The Court and Native Americans § Worcester v. Georgia § Defended power of national government as guardian of “Indian affairs” and claimed ultimate authority over Native tribes

Varieties of American Nationalism n Sectionalism and Nationalism – The Latin American Revolutions § Revolution in Latin America § US neutral in LATAM colonial independence movements from Spain § The Monroe Doctrine § Came from fear of European influence in W. Hemisphere following independence (esp. in Cuba) § US wanted Western hegemony