Values Criteria and LincolnDouglas What is a VALUE

Values, Criteria, and Lincoln-Douglas

What is a VALUE? • A Value is: • An ultimate truth or standard of morality • An idea about non-tangible concepts • Important to belief systems

Value in Lincoln-Douglas • Values in LD Debate work the same way • An Ultimate truth or standard of morality • Debate lies in which Truth or Moral Standard is MOST correct

What are some common Values? • Equality • Life • The condition of being; existence • Justice • Giving each his/her due; what is deserved • Autonomy • A person is in charge of him/herself • Being treated the same as others within a society • Human Dignity • Every human is moral and can express opinions without discrimination • Liberty • The right to be free from governmental constraints

Other Values Use these Values to complete the project • • Anthropocentrism Autonomy Biocentrism Categorical Imperative Cost-Benefit Analysis Democracy Deontology • • Equality Human Dignity Individual Autonomy Justice Liberty Life Majority Rule • • Minority Rights National Security National Sovereignty Pragmatism Social Contract Teleology Utilitarianism

Value Debates Can Be Difficult… • For example, lying to an unarmed mugger — saying that you are an expert at karate — and thus convincing him to flee rather than rob you violates honesty, but preserves the values of property, nonviolence, and personal security.

Consider the sentence… • PIZZA IS GOOD. • If “good” has a definite, permanent, imperishable meaning, then everyone (or virtually everyone) would agree that PIZZA IS GOOD. • But what about the people who don’t ike pizza? Some people are allergic to wheat, or cheese, or tomatoes; some people would say that PIZZA IS BAD is a more accurate sentence. • But if pizza is both GOOD and BAD, then we are left with chaos and cannot choose who wins this debate…. So, we must have a better criterion. • PIZZA IS GOOD = You aren’t really talking about pizza at all. Rather, you are talking about yourself. I ENJOY PIZZA APPEALS TO MY SENSE OF TASTE. I APPROVE OF PIZZA AS NUTRITIOUS ITALIAN FOOD. Each of these sentences, we sense, in some way preserves the meaning of the original sentence — yet they are talking, not about some abstract quality of the pizza, but about personal taste and preference. Much of the informal usage of the word

Value and Criterion • Values are, essentially, overarching and non-specific ideas • We need a way to measure if Value exists • Criterion: • A way to measure the presence of a Value • Like a measuring stick

Value and Criterion • The Value criterion is a “weighing standard” for arguments • Criterions must be both necessary and sufficient • Will it acknowledge and achieve the value? • Think Car Parts • Value=Car • Criterion=Engine?

Criterion • Your criterion will often be [verb + object], such as • protecting life • minimizing suffering • rejecting violence • encouraging participation • Creating equality

Topic Analysis • Scary clown Example. . . What Values are possible? Honesty vs Safety • Honesty is being uphold when you are “telling truth” • Safety is being uphold when you are “protecting children” • Girl Walks in Room Example • Honesty is beging upheld when you are “telling the truth” • Kindness is being upheld when you are “protecting feelings”

Topic Analysis • Resolved: Individuals have a moral obligation to help people in need. • Value= • How can we measure the value as it relates to THIS topic? • Resolved: A government’s obligation to protect the environment ought to take precedence over economic development. • Value= • How can we measure the value as it relates to THIS topic?

Topic Analysis • With your case; your group will introduce your case to the class & present the following informaiton: • Identify what value that you would use to argue this side • Identify the criterion • List 2 reasons (contentions) why this side should be voted for (make sure your reasons align with your value & criterion) Do this for both the PRO & CON

LD in a Nutshell • • **Note: These times are for our class only Affirmative Case – 5 Minutes Negative CX – 2 minutes Negative Case and Rebuttal – 6 Minutes Affirmative CX – 2 Minutes Affirmative Rebuttal and Voters – 3 Minutes Negative Rebuttal and Voters – 2 minutes

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