VALUES By Dr Rosy Walia VALUES Values are

VALUES By Dr Rosy Walia

VALUES – Values are broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. – Basic conviction that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence • VALUE SYSTEM A HIERARCHY BASED ON A RANKING OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S VALUE IN TERMS OF THEIR INTENSITY

DO VALUES CHANGE? ? ? • “NO”…They are relatively permanent • They are formed in our earlier years of life • Black n white…… what about grey? ? VALUES INFLUENCE OUR ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS DIFFERENCE IN VALUE SYSTEM DETERMINES DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR

Sources of values – Parents. – Friends. – Teachers. – Role models. – External reference groups

TYPES OF VALUES. Milton Rokeach’s value categories: terminal values and instrumental values. – Terminal values. • Preferences concerning the ends to be achieved. – Instrumental values. • Preferences for the means to be used in achieving desired ends.

TYPES OF VALUES(contd) – Gordon Allport’s values categories. • Theoretical values. • Economic values. • Aesthetic values. • Social values. • Political values. • Religious values.

TYPES OF VALUES(contd) – Maglino’s categories of workplace values. • Achievement. • Helping and concern for others. • Honesty. • Fairness

Hofstadter's Framework for Assessing Cultures

VALUE CONGRUENCE. Value congruence – Occurs when individuals express positive feelings upon encountering others who exhibit values similar to their own. – Incongruent values may result in conflicts over goals and the means to achieve them

PATTERNS AND TRENDS IN VALUES. – Movement away from the following values: • Duty. • Honesty. • Responsibility. • Economic incentives. • Organizational loyalty. • Work-related identity

PATTERNS AND TRENDS IN VALUES — cont. – Movement toward the following values: • Meaningful work. • Pursuit of leisure. • Personal identity. • Self-fulfillment.

PATTERNS AND TRENDS IN VALUES — CONT. – Important work-related values for the present and the future: • Recognition for competence and accomplishments. • Respect and dignity. • Personal choice and freedom. • Involvement at work. • Pride in one’s work. • Lifestyle quality. • Financial security. • Self-development. • Health and wellness.

THE 8 VALUES OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE ORGANISATIONS