Vaccine Preventable Diseases 1 Healthy People 2020 goal

Vaccine - Preventable Diseases 1 Healthy People 2020 goal: Increase immunization rates and reduce preventable infectious diseases.

Why We immunize 2 Health promotion: prevent a disease if it is preventable. Morbidity vs Mortality Protect self Protect others Economics

Immunizations: Contraindications 3 �Anaphylactic reaction to previous vaccine �IPV: anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or streptomycin �MMR & Varicella Immunocompromised allergy gelatin, neomycin Pregnancy active Tb

Barriers to Immunization 4 Complexity of the health care system Expense Parental misconceptions Personal beliefs Inaccurate record-keeping Reluctance of health care workers to give > 2 vaccines at a time Lack of public awareness

Complications of Common Infectious Diseases (viral) 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Measles Rubella, Fifth disease (parvovirus B 19) Roseola Infantum (HHV-6) Mumps Varicella 1. Pneumonia, otitis media, encephalitis 2. transmission to pregnant women 3. febrile seizures 4. aseptic meningitis, orchitis, deafness 5. secondary infection skin lesions; CNS, Reyes syndrome

Complications of Common Infectious Diseases (bacterial) 6 Pertussis 2. Diptheria 1. 3. Hep B 4. Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae) Pneumonia 2. Airway obstruction, myocarditis, neuritis 3. Liver cirrhosis, CA 4. Meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, sepsis 1.

Immunization Schedule 7 2, 4, 6, (15) months Hep B, DTa. P, Hib, IPV, PCV MMR, Varicella: after 12 mo** NEW! Tdap 7 th-12 th grade If miss one, do not need to start over www. cdc. gov/nip

Biological Terrorism 8

Infectious Diseases 9 Primary prevention as intervention Many diseases are vaccine-preventable Secondary Intervention: treat symptoms Rash Fever Itching Secondary infection-try to prevent Tertiary Intervention

Nursing Care 10 Risk for [spread of] infection Ineffective Health Maintenance Risk for ineffective thermoregulation Fatigue r/t fever, discomfort Social isolation r/t confinement

Impetigo 11

Impetigo - Interventions 12 Soak crusts in warm water Gently cleans w/antibacterial soap Do not pick at lesions Child & caregiver: HANDWASHING Fingernails short & clean Topical antibiotic ointment Communicable up to 48 hours after antibiotic treatment begun.

Cellulitis 13 Inflammation of skin, SQ tissues Local area is red, hot, swollen & painful Regional lymph nodes often involved Systemic effects: fever, chills, confusion, malaise

Cellulitis: risk for spread of infection 14 Sepsis Septic arthritis Meningitis Brain abscess Blindness

Interventions: Cellulitis 15 Antibiotics if hospitalized, IV Entire course Monitor temp Warm compresses Elevate affected limb Bed rest - acute phase

Skin Disorders: other causes 16 Viral & Fungal Contact insect & animal contact

Pubic lice with nits 17

Common Nursing Diagnoses r/t integumentary alterations 18 Pain, acute r/t Pruritis r/t reaction to irritants secondary to… Impaired skin integrity r/t inflammation & scratching of lesions Risk for secondary infection r/t altered skin integrity; scratching Knowledge deficit regarding cause, treatment, spread of infection r/t lack of information.

Nursing Diagnoses: cont. 19 Risk for fluid volume deficit or nutritional deficit if lesions on mouth, tongue, etc. Body image disturbance r/t altered appearance Fatigue r/t fever Social isolation

Hyperthermia vs Fever 20 Fever: results from an insult or disease that resets the body’s “set point”. Hyperthermia: high body temperature