V THE BIG BANG AND COSMOLOGY A look

V. THE BIG BANG AND COSMOLOGY A look at how our universe began

A. THE UNIVERSE 1. Universe- entirety of space, time, matter & energy 2. Cosmology- the study of the structure & evolution of the entire universe. Famous Cosmologist: research with the Black Holes (singularity), & the Big Bang. Stephen Hawking

B. THE BIG BANG THEORY 1. BBT- the universe formed in an instant, 14 billion years ago, in an enormous explosion. a. Most widely accepted & supported explanation for the formation of our universe.

C. LIGHT 1. Light takes the form of electromagnetic radiation (waves).

2. WAVES OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM a. Electromagnetic Spectrum— waves ordered by increasing wavelength

Don’t’ forget…longest waves (radio). . to shortest waves (cosmic) *Page info from NSAT Conference 2004

b. Visible light 1). The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that human eyes can detect. 2). ROYGBIV a. red- long waves b. blue-short waves

c. Doppler shift- light shifts toward the red end of the spectrum (evidence of expanding galaxies) http: //www. astro. ubc. ca/~scharein/ a 311/Sim/doppler/Doppler. html

Edwin Hubble & The Hubble Telescope

1. Hubble’s Law a. Hubble’s law states that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us.

Hubble’s Law • To help visualize the nature of the universe, imagine a loaf of raisin bread dough that has been set out to rise for a few hours. As the dough doubles in size, so does the distance between all the raisins. Those objects located father apart move away from each other more rapidly.

E. EVIDENCE FOR THE BIG BANG THEORY 1. Hubble’s Law (allows us to measure how fast the universe is moving) 2. Age of oldest known objects a. Using the brightness, mass, color, and chemical composition we can estimate the age of stars b. Consistent with the age of the universe 3. Cosmic Background radiation- left thermal energy from the big bang. a. faint radiation detected in every direction by two American physicist

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Crystal Formation Lab Mineral Topic Questions Igneous topic Questions Rock Review & Rock cycle questions’ Unit 2 Vocabulary Weathering Topic Questions Chemical Weathering Lab Glacial Rebound Crossword Puzzle Unit 3 Vocabulary Geo Time topic questions Eclipse Drawing & Questions Planet Topic Questions Star Life Cycle Drawings & questions Apollo 13

1. All of space, time, matter & energy is termed: _________. 2. ________ is the study of the structure & evolution of the entire universe. 3. What is the most widely accepted & supported explanation for the formation of our universe? 4. Provide two pieces of evidence that supports the answer to the question above. 5. What did you test in lab last class? 6. What did the elastic band represent in lab? 7. What did the buttons in lab represent? 8. What is the accepted time of the Big Bang? (When did it occur? Be Specific) 9. Describe Hubble’s Law.

Universe 1. All of space, time, matter & energy is termed: _________. 2. Cosmology ________ is the study of the structure & evolution of the entire universe. 3. What is the most widely accepted & supported explanation for the formation of our universe? Big Bang Theory 4. Provide two pieces of evidence that supports the answer to the question Hubble’s Law, Cosmic Background Radiation, above. Age of the stars 5. What did you test in lab last class? Hubble’s Law (Expanding galaxies) 6. What did the elastic band represent in lab? 7. What did the buttons in lab represent? 8. What is the accepted time of the Big Bang? (When did it occur? Be Specific) 14 Billion years ago 9. Describe Hubble’s Law. Galaxies farther away, move faster Universe Galaxies

APOLLO 13 PROMPTDAY 1 Identify and describe some of the qualities and requirements that are needed in order to become an astronaut. Provide examples as you see them in the film.

# 16 - APOLLO 13 SPACE EXPLORATION Prompt Day 2 List & explain the tasks the Apollo 13 crew must complete in order to continue in space flight.

#16 ASTRONOMY BELLRINGER Use pg. 730733 red text for help! Describe the following terms & include a sketch with each term: 1. Comet 2. Asteroid 3. Meteor

ASTRONOMY EXAM TODAY! 10 mins to study!!!!!

“HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PROBLEM!” Your communication with Earth was just destroyed by space debris, you need to get critical re-entry calculations or you and your crew will burn up when entering the atmosphere. You must construct a tower that is EXACTLY 1 meter tall to hold your OPEN cell phone in order to get the re-entry calculations. You have 30 minutes to get the calculations until you burn up. You may use all the supplies in the bag, but CANNOT change any of the materials except the paper. MISSION PTs: Finish 1 st- EC on exam (2 pts. ) Finish before 30 minutes- (1 pt. )

#17: ROCKET CONSTRUCTION PREPARATION Complete the list of tasks in your composition notebook: 1. Use the diagram on pg. 686 red text (or one from the internet) to sketch an example of a rocket used by NASA. 2. Create a list of supplies for your Earth Science rocket (what do you need to bring for the main structure, fins, nose cone, parachute. ) 3. The goal to keep your rocket in air the longest, provide three ideas how you will achieve this goal. 4. Research & provide a short description of how to create an effective water rocket parachute. 5. Research & provide a short description of how to create a multistage water rocket. 6. Create building instructions for your rocket. (If you wanted someone to build the exact same rocket as you, how would they do it? Include sketches if needed)

EARTH SCIENCE ROCKET CHALLENGE! 2011 -2012 Goal: Construct a water rocket that will stay in space flight for the longest duration. Regulations: -must use a 2 liter soda bottle for the base -cannot use explosives (I want you alive after this project) -only two people per group

BELL RINGER. DO IT…

LEARNING TARGETS: 6. Distinguish between the wave lengths and frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum 7. Use the electromagnetic spectrum to explain the evidence for believing that the Universe is expanding.