UVW UUW 110 BAHASA MELAYU ASAS BASIC MALAY
UVW / UUW 110 BAHASA MELAYU ASAS BASIC MALAY LANGUAGE SEMESTER 1/ ACADEMIC SESSION 2015, 2016 PUSAT BAHASA ANTARABANGSA / CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGES
CHAPTER 1 PENGENALAN TENTANG SISTEM SAPAAN & UCAPAN Introduction of Address System & Greetings
1. 0 PANGGILAN / FORMS OF ADDRESS • The Pronouns of I and You in Malay have a strong sense of hierarchy attached to them. • For this reason alone, the Malays prefer to use first names or correct forms of address, like Encik( Mr), Cik(Miss) and Puan( Madam) - in conversations with people they meet for the first time. • It’s wise to address them by Encik Lim and Cik Siti or Puan Noor as compared to you or I. Like English, Pronouns in Malay are divided into 3 persons. Look at the list below; 13/6/2021 3
TYPES OF PRONOUNS Seorang Ramai (singular) (plural) First Person saya , aku kita, kami (Orang pertama) ( I, me ) (We, our, us) Second Person awak, anda, saudara, kamu, kamu semua / (Orang kedua) engkau, Encik, Cik, dato’ datin, kalian tuan, puan (All of you) ( You ) Tuan-tuan dan Pronouns Kata Ganti Nama Puan-puan (Ladies and Gentleman) Third Person Dia, -nya, Beliau Mereka (Orang ketiga) ( He, She, It ), (Her, Him) (They/Them) 13/6/2021 4
1. 1 KATA GANTI NAMA DIRI (PRONOUNS) • A pronoun is used to refer to a person. • Generally there are three types of pronouns in Malay Language and they are: first person pronouns, second person pronouns and third person pronouns. 13/6/2021 5
KATA GANTI NAMA PERTAMA (FIRST PERSON) SAYA AND AKU – FIRST PERSON SINGULAR • These are used in place of the person speaking, for example ‘saya’( I, me ), ‘aku’ (me) which pronouns should be used will depend on who you are speaking to, the situation and the place in which the conversation is carried out. • Saya is suitable at anytime, anywhere and in whatever situations. • The word saya is for politeness (kesantunan). 13/6/2021 6
CONTINUE… • It can be used to your friends, your parents, your teachers, and those people who are superior to you and also to people lower in status, like gardeners, laborers and children. For examples: 1. Nama saya ialah Siti. (My name is Siti) 2. Nama bapa saya ialah Rahim. (My father’s name is Rahim) 3. Nama kakak saya ialah Fatimah. (My sister’s name is Fatimah) 13/6/2021 7
CONTINUE… • Aku is used only in informal situations. For examples: 1. Kau apa khabar? (How are you? ) 2. Aku sihat. (I’m fine. ) 1. “Aku mahu pergi ke kantin sebentar, ” kata Ashraf kepada kawan-kawannya. (“I want to go to the cafeteria / canteen for a while, ” said Ashraf to his friends. ) 13/6/2021 8
KITA AND KAMI – FIRST PERSON PLURAL • Kita and kami are plural pronouns that can be used at anytime, anywhere and in whatever situation. • Kami means ‘we’ or ‘us’, but formally excludes the person being addressed. • Kita is used when the person you are speaking to is included, whereas kami is not. • For example: Kita perlu berhati-hati dengannya. (We have to be carefull with him. ) 13/6/2021 9
KATA GANTI NAMA KEDUA (SECOND PERSON) KAMU, AWAK, ANDA AND ENGKAU - SECOND PERSON SINGULAR. • Kamu, awak, anda and engkau both means You. Kamu is used to address children or someone younger or someone who we know well. • Engkau is very informal, usually used just among friends. • You can use awak among your equals, and people lower in status and age. 13/6/2021 10
CONTINUE ADDRESS FORMAL SITUATION, BASED ON GENDER/STATUS: MALE FEMALE Saudara Saudari Encik Cik Tuan Puan Dato’ / Datuk Datin (getting address indirectly from her husband) Sometimes we use these to address an older person in informal situations: Pakcik (uncle) , Makcik ( Aunty), Abang (Brother , to anyone who looks older) Kakak (sister, same reason as brother). – to show politeness(kesopanan). 13/6/2021 11
KAMU SEMUA / KALIAN, KITA SEMUA / KAMI SEMUA - SECOND PERSON PLURAL • The use of the pronoun ‘kamu semua’ is to show more than one person. The situation is the same as the word 'you' that refer to a person. But here is more as an examples below ; • Kamu semua / Kalian (All of you) hendaklah berhati-hati ketika melintas jalan raya. • Kita semua (All of us) hendaklah berbakti kepada bangsa dan negara. • Kami semua (All of us) telah berusaha bersungguh-sungguh dalam pertandingan itu. 13/6/2021 12
KATA GANTI NAMA KETIGA (THIRD PERSON) DIA, -NYA, BELIAU – 3 RD PERSON SINGULAR • Dia means She, He or It. • It is used for animate objects and person. For inanimate objects use Ini ( this one ) or itu ( that one ) to mean ’it’. - Dia (for people) - Ini / itu (for thing or animal) • Dia can be used to your friends and ordinary people. 13/6/2021 13
CONTINUE… • - nya means his, him, her (refer for belonging). For examples: a) Bukunya telah dijual. (His/Her book has already sold. ) b) Saya amat kagum dengannya / Saya amat dengan kagum him/her) • Beliau (He/She) is refers to people who have status. For examples: a) Beliau ialah Perdana Menteri yang ketiga. (He is the third Prime Minister. ) 13/6/2021 14
MEREKA – 3 RD PERSON PLURAL • Mereka means they, them. You can use it to everyone. a) Mereka (they): Mereka telah lama meninggalkan rumah ini. b) Mereka (them): Cabaran itu akan dihadapi oleh mereka. (The challenges will be faced by them. ) 13/6/2021 15
PERBUALAN / CONVERSATION Rama : Selamat pagi, Abu Selamat pagi, Rama. : Rama : Itu rumah anda? Abu Ya, itu rumah saya. : Peter : Maafkan saya, siapa nama anda? Alan Nama saya Alan. : Peter : Ini buku awak? Alan Ini bukan buku saya. : 13/6/2021 16
Siti : Selamat datang, Maria : Terima kasih. Ini rumah awak? Siti Ya. Ini rumah saya. : Maria : Sungguh cantik. Siti Terima kasih : Maria : Tentu mahal harganya? Siti Tidak, rumah ini tidak mahal. Harganya murah sahaja. : 13/6/2021 17
PRACTICE THE DIALOGUE 13/6/2021 18
CREATE A DIALOGUE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PICTURES 13/6/2021 19
LATIHAN 1 (EXERCISE 1) BINA AYAT DARIPADA PERKATAAN DI BAWAH. CONSTRUCT SENTENCES USING FROM WORDS BELOW. 1. Saya 2. Kamu 3. Kami 4. Dia 5. Mereka 6. Beliau 7. Kita 13/6/2021 20
LATIHAN 2 ISI TEMPAT KOSONG DENGAN KATA GANTI NAMA YANG SESUAI. / FILL IN THE BLANK WITH THE CORRECT PRONOUNS. dia saya beliau mereka kamu 1. NAMA _______ LINDA. ____ BELAJAR DI UNIMAP. 2. NAMA PENSYARAH ______ IALAH PUAN SITI. ____ SEORANG GURU YANG BAIK. 3. ITU AHMAD, TAN DAN RAMU. ______ BERTIGA SUKA BERMAIN BOLA SEPAK. 13/6/2021 21
4. “____ ialah adik – beradik. ” kata Ali kepada Hafiz. 5. Kakak saya seorang doktor. ____bekerja di Hospital Kangar. 6. Boleh ____ berkenalan dengan ____? … wil be continued , a note about the greetings. 13/6/2021 22
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