USNA Satellite LabGround Station Bob Bruninga Ground Station

USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer ØAstronautics Overview ØSatellite and communications Labs ØSatellite Student Design Projects ØGround Station Ops ØExtracurricular May 08 May 2008 RAFT & MARScom

Astraonautics Track Overview 8 Faculty in Astronautics (out of 16 total in Aerospace) Ø 3 Full time Civilian Astronautics Faculty (Ph. D) Ø 2 Full time Military (Ph. D) Ø. 5 Half-time with NASA Faculty (Ph. D) Ø. 5 Half-time Aero (structures) (Ph. D) Ø 2 Funded Chairs (Ph. D) Ø 1 Engineer (Labs and Satellite Projects) (MS EE) ØStudents Ø 15 -30 Astro(30%) May 08 (out of 50 -90 in Aerospace Major)

Astronautics Budget Internal O&M, N Navy Network Warfare $150 K (Space Chair, Tech, Support) External (Gift or Endowment) Heinline Chair $130 K (endowed chair) Roger’s Chair $140 K (endowed chair) Aerospace Corp $ 50 K (Parkinson. Sat) Aero Gift Fund $ 5 K (Various) Total Budget about $625 K May 08

Satellite Labs ØMissions, Orbits, STK Projects ØCommunications, Links, Antennas ØTransmitters, Receivers, Losses ØEPS, Electrical Power System Indoor ØSignals and Telemetry ØThermal Lab ØADCS Outdoor Noise temperature May 08

Antenna Lab Geo Arc and 9 operating positions C/Ku band TVRO VHF dipole UHF Satcom May 08

Communications, Receivers, Losses UFO Gain, losses Amps and LNA’s Cable losses Geo-Arc Beamwidth Spectrum Analyzer Downconverters Demod, Decoding May 08

Communications, Links, Gain Wavelength Antenna Size Types Gain, Beamwidth Link Budget SNR SWR Matching May 08

Antenna Lab for Seniors (1 st Class) RF LABsat model on rotor Dipole 1 Rotator and S/A to plot pattern May 08 Antenna Phasing experiment

Antenna Link Budget and Gain ØUses small 2. 4 GHz camera/transmitters ØFirst observe dipole link (1000’) ØPlace dipole at dish focus and measure gain ØSwing dish to see Beamwidth May 08

Antenna Matching and Plots Using PI network to match spacecraft antenna for best SWR May 08 Using GPS signals to plot antenna pattern of GPS

Telemetry Lab Sensors Circuits Conditioning Engineering conversion Decoding Protocols May 08

EPS Lab Begin using LABsats EPS LABsat Design Lab May 08 Solar Panels I-V curves Distribution Regulation Shadowing RTG demo

Thermal Lab Conduction Radiation Absorbtivity Emissivity Insulation May 08

Attitude Control Labs (LABsats) Can demo all but gravity gradient Matchhead thruster Magnetometer Sun Sensor Start Tracker May 08

US Naval Academy LABsats Labsats mostly integrated into labs by 2004

Basic USNA’sat Ham Radio TNC Terminal Node Controller $180 May 08

Transmitter Tests Power out Efficiency Temperature Spectrum and EMI May 08

Receiver Tests May 08

Demodulation - FSK § All Seven Student LABsats on the air § Sharing a single TDMA channel § Using FSK for demodulation May 08

Demodulation - PSK Indoor LABsat RX LABsat configured as HF to UHF linear transponder PSK-31 Waterfall Spectrum display on Student’s workstation May 08

Command-Control-Telemetry Ground Stations Laptop Ground Stations for PCSAT’s, ANDE, RAFT, etc May 08

Past Satellite Design Projects ØSatellite and communications Labs PCSAT ØSatellite Design Projects ØPast missions: RAFT MIDSTAR May 08

Satellite Design Projects ØNATSweb ØPCsat ØSapphire ØPCSAT 2 ØARISS ØANDE ØRAFT 1 ØMARScom ØMIDSTAR – 1 st Sea-Launch (1997 scrubbed in last week!) – Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001 -- Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001 – STS-114 26 Jul 06 return to flight – Launched on Progress Aug 2003 – STS-116 21 Dec 06 - STP-1 9 Mar 07 ØParkinson. SAT – Commenced Fall 2006 May 08

USNA Constellation May 08

Future Satellite Design Projects ØSatellite and communications Labs PCSAT ØSatellite Design Projects MIDSTAR Micro Dosimeter (MIDN) May 08 DRAGON Particle Detector Parkinson. SAT

Future Psat Auxilliary Payload 39 cu. in 1 W average power 5 W peak power May 08

Low-Cost Satellite Design Projects ØNATSweb ØPCsat ØSapphire ØPCSAT 2 ØARISS ØANDE ØRAFT 1 ØMARScom ØMIDSTAR – $ 2 k – $30 k - $3 k? – $35 k – $ 2 k – $35 k – $15 K - $1. 8 M ØParkinson. SAT –$50 k May 08 1 st Sea-Launch (1997 scrubbed in last week!) Launched Athena 30 Sept 2001 STS-114 26 Jul 06 return to flight Launched on Progress Aug 2003 Launched STS-116 21 Dec 06 Launched Atlas-V Mar 07 Commenced Fall 2006

Satellite Design Involvement PCsat 16 projects Goodhiew 97, Morgan 98, Lundberg, Scrabeck, Gomez, Melanson, Kollar, Mattera, Ortiz 99 Burroughs 99, Schwenzer, Nolan, Lawrence, Boutros 2000, Sullivan, Gutweiler 2001, Machinest: Mike Spencer PCSAT 2 8 projects Otero, Silver, Jones, Kolwicz, Evans, and Henry(03) Operations: Paquette and Robeson(05) ANDE 8 projects Aaron, Villalbi, and Weisenberg, Kelley, Keller, Harris(03), Patterson, & Ensign Sillman(02) RAFT 1 16 projects Robeson, Paquette (06) - Orloff, Kinzbrunner, and Rose(05) - Baker, Tuttle, Colvin (04) Abbott, Atwater, Brandt, Hansen, Mc. Lean(03). And 3 in (02) Midstar/ICsat MIDN/Dragon, etc 56 students over 8 years 20 Students over 4 years Parkinson. SAT 21 projects Papso, Edirisinghe, Icard, Meyer, Phillips(08), - Dendinger, Lewis, Lwin, Campbell, Sydney, Okun, Londono, Smythe, Lindsay, Mayer 07 -Koeppel, Lovick, Paquette, Piggrem, Robeson, Vandegriff (06) OPERATIONS: May 08 EA-204 Intro to Astro (100 students / year). EA-467 Labs (30/yr)

PCsat, launched 30 Sept 2001 Still semi-operational Team: 6 Students/yr, 2 Profs, 1 Engineer 2200 Amateur Satellite Users May 08

Current Status Negative power budget due to fail-safe default RX/TX Full recovery after each full-sun period. May 08

PCsat Comms Mission Data Relay (Situational Awareness) for Mobiles and Handheld radios. GPS tracking and LIVE to WEB Blue Force Tracking May 08

Typical PCsat User Station (Blue Force Tracking) May 08

Typical Pass Display May 08

Internet Linked Ground Stns www. ariss. net pcsat. aprs. org May 08

Internet Linked Data Displays May 08 www. ariss. net pcsat. aprs. org

PCsat “Student Operations” May 08

Other Experiments through PCsat ØAntarctic WX station ØF-16 downed flyer demo (Rome Air Development Center) ØArctic Tracking (trucks up frozen rivers >70º Latitude) ØISS Joint Ops (2 weeks of constellation flying) ØUSNA Marconi Re-enactment (St Johns Newfoundland) Ø 2200 other users worldwide May 08

Air & Space Museum Donated April 2004 to Smithsonian For Display At Dulles May 08

PCSAT 2, DOD synergy in the Amateur Satellite Service Bob Bruninga US Naval Academy Satellite Lab Amateur Satellite Service partnering with DOD and ARISS w w w Very short development time Simplicity and off the shelf Educational Project Communications service to Users Telemetry for Space Environment Configuration controlled on the ground May 08

NASA/Glen Solar Experiment 40 Solar Cell Samples Latest triple junction technology PCSAT-2 downloaded 3 Mbytes/day via network of Volunteer Ground Stations (We paid our rent) May 08

MISSE 5 – PCSat 2 – 26 July Midshipmen involved in early integration and testing of PCSat 2 electronics. Two views of the initial deployment of MISSE/PCSat by astronaut Soichi Noguchi. It was installed 8 days after the launch of STS-114 (26 July 05) May 08

Satellite Transponders May 08

PCSAT 2 Location Returned August 2006 after a year’s exposure May 08

Global Situational Awareness Network May 08

Typical User Station Handheld Tiny! Mobile Encourage Schools and Students to get involved in Space May 08

ANDE Satellite Joint Project with NRL Atmospheric Drag USNA Comms Telemetry - Temperature - Attitude - Laser Control Primary Lithium Batteries May 08

ANDE, CAPE, ICU May 08

ANDE Deployment 21 Dec 2006 Initially FCAL separated from the container, but not ANDE Radar returns later indicated ANDE separation May 08

ANDE Satellite May 08

ANDE Satellite Deployed 21 Dec 2006 Temp Data throughout (paid our rent) May 08

RAFT Project (two Satellites) RAFT-1 (~PCsat) MARScom 216. 98 MHz NSSS Radar Fence May 08

Stanford Cubesat Projects 50 in construction! AIAA/USU Conference 30% of all papers were related to CUBESATS May 08

Simple LABsat TLM/CMD System May 08

RAFT/MARScom Deployment (SSPL 5510) w Stuff May 08

NAVSPASUR Radar Fence Daily Bistatic Radar Demo with Moon May 08

NAVSPASUR Radar Fence Doppler from Radar Fence detected on RAFT May 08

Raft Radar Transponder 4 m. W RAFT oscillator detected by PE 1 ITR! May 08

RAFT Deployment May 08

RAFT Project (MARScom) YP Radios UHF AM up HF SSB downlink May 08

MIDSTAR Mission 9 March 2007 Atlas-V EELV ESPA Ring – STP-1 ICsat & CFTP Midn, Mems, Ncnu S-band No attitude control May 08

Parkinson. SAT w Named in Honor of Dr. Parkinson ($50 k grant) w Link budget using Omni antennas on satellite and buoys w Sun pointing ACDS system w EPS system with a solar panel & battery configuration w Positive standby power budget in any attitude w Thermal Regulation of Components May 08

Psat USNA-0601 Sun Pointing Attitude Control System ü Pointing requirements are relaxed +/- 40 deg ü High precision attitude control not required ODTML on (18 W) ODTML off (4. 5 W) May 08 SAFE mode Paquette

w w Display consists of three view frames First Frame n n n w Rickover Lobby reference frame Displays the simulated sun (Lamp) angle “LL” in reference to the Lobby frame Displays the spacecraft solar bus voltage and charging current. Second Frame n n n Sun frame Displays Spacecraft angle to the Sun angle “SS” Relative sun current measurements for X, Y and Z l n n w Used to determine sun angle A second column shows these values after being normalized to +/- 10 degrees Latest version also displays CW and CCW rotation rate arrow showing direction and magnitude of the spin rate. Third Frame n n n Sol. Sat Frame Displays reported Earth’s Magnetic field vector relative to the Spacecraft, angle “SM” Displays measured components of the spacecraft’s magnetometer in X, Y and Z components l Used to determine the Earth’s magnetic Field vector. May 08

ADCS (P-sat Demo) Actual Torques and Earth’s Magnetic Field May 08

ADCS Simulation Results w After approximately 1. 4 orbits, the ADCS system gains control of the spacecraft n n Tip-off rates removed for the X and Y axes down to approximately 0. 2 degrees per second Tip-off rate is reduced to 2 degrees per second for the Z axis to establish stability w Based on an initial tip-off rate of 5 degrees per second May 08

USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer ØSatellite and communications Labs ØSatellite Design Projects PCSAT-1, ANDE/RAFT ØGround Station Ops 12 Meter (AO-40) ØExtracurricular C/Ku TVRO (NASA TV) Teleconferencing Summer Seminars, Tours AMSAT Tracking May 08

PCSAT 1/2 ANDE/RAFT Telemetry & Commanding May 08

USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station RS 0 ISS>PP 0, SGATE, q. Ao: Go Army beat Navy! PCSAT-1>APRS, SGATE, q. Ao: Go Navy Beat Army! PCSAT 2>APRS, SGATE, q. Ao: Go Navy Beat Army! May 08

USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station • 12 meter NASA dish (1989) • C and Ku TVRO • S band (100 W) • Needs new controller • Needs new RF • Needs network upgrades • Needs all RF cable refurb • Needs Mission May 08

USNA Satellite Lab/Ground Station Bob Bruninga, Ground Station Engineer ØSatellite and communications Labs ØGround Station Ops ØSatellite Design Projects ØExtracurricular May 08

Other Activities Space Day (Air&Space) AMSAT (North America) Marconi 100 th (St Johns) BSA Radio. Badge School Mentoring Balloon Tracking May 08

AMSAT Operations AO-40 Rescue - PCSAT 2 May 08

USNA Extracurricular Activities W 3 ADO, oldest USNA ECA (1928) Annual Moonbounce Event Football & Boat GPS Tracking, Comms, Imagry, Data, Internet Sea Trials May 08 Imagry

Ø Our Satellites provide a low cost educational transponder supporting not only GPS position reporting but also remote WX stations and other data link experiments and other University and School Experiments. v The comm channels can potentially draw from over 30, 000 experimenters for easy assessment of loading and scaling issues. Ø Not only the sensors and users exist, but the global Internet collection and distribution system also exists from PCSAT 1 & 2, ANDE and RAFT. May 08

Daily Players Internet Linked Ground Stns www. ariss. net pcsat. aprs. org May 08