USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Joint Battle Management Command Control Path

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Joint Battle Management, Command & Control: Path to Interoperability Lieutenant General Robert W. Wagner Deputy Commander United States Joint Forces Command

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED “ As the battlefield becomes increasingly complex, the transformation of our nation’s military is dependent upon joint operations with assured interoperability and connectivity down to the tactical level. ” SECDEF Memo on Interoperability and Connectivity, November 2003

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Deconflict Service Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Deconflict Service Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Transforming the Joint Force Deconflict Service Forces Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Integration of Service Capabilities Army Forces Air Forces SOF Marine Forces Navy Forces

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Transforming the Joint Force Deconflict Service Forces Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Integration of Service Capabilities Interdependent Coherently Joint Collaborative Coordination Effects-Based Network Centric Interagency-Multinational Air Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces ion at Navy Forces ltin Marine Forces Mu SOF cy Army Forces n ge Air Forces a er Int Army Forces SOF al A Full Spectrum capabilities-based joint force

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Conventional AIR GROUND III xxx Corps Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) x x x Massed Forces Deconflicted Linearly – Sequential Attrition warfare Military to Military Independent

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Massed Forces Deconflicted Massed effects Integrated Interdependent Linearly – Sequential Simultaneous depth of space Attrition warfare Rapid start/stop Military to Military All elements of national power Independent Networked

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED The Growing Gap Data Transmitted Data Analyzed

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Closing the Gap Current Time Research Analysis Production

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Closing the Gap Current • Decrease Development Time • Increase Analytical Rigor Time Future Research Analysis Networked / Collaborative Production

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Decision Making Networked The Meeting Chain 66 th MI EUCOM OPE SOCOM RATI ON SOJICC S JFCOM JFIC GTMO CITF BA 205 th MI 501 st MI JITF-CT Ft Gordon & NGIC CENTCOM Camp Doha CIA HQ INSCOM INTELLIGENCE 513 th MI J 9 JWAC STRATCOM CENTCOM DARPA NSA VPN 902 nd MI 704 th MI Meade CIFA • Linear down • Linear back • Limited cross talk • Partial transmission • Slow CI POLICY • Communities of Interest • Instant Chat • Knowledge Informed / Enabled • First hand transmission • Rapid

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED A Notional ISR Picture Or is it? Is it: • One picture or many? • Possible coverage or actual coverage? • Is it linked and real time? • What does it tell the Commander?

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) • Can it keep up with operational speed in order to inform operational decisions? • Are assessments measured in days, hours or minutes? • If we are uncertain, do we re-strike and/or lose momentum while we seek certainty • How do we train to support the fluid fight? • When conducting “effects based operations” what is “effects based BDA” – Is it automated? Federated? Networked? – Is it lethal and non-lethal – Does it Incorporate self assessing weapons?

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Battle Effectiveness Assessment Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) • Can it keep up with operational speed in order to inform operational decisions? • Are assessments measured in days, hours or minutes? • If we are uncertain, do we re-strike and/or lose momentum while we seek certainty • How do we train to support the fluid fight? • When conducting “effects based operations” what is “effects based BDA” – Is it automated? Federated? Networked? – Is it lethal and non-lethal – Does it Incorporate self assessing weapons? Informing the next step – Real Time – All Source

UNCLASSIFIED Blue Force Tracking Brigade and Above Migration to Interoperability Key C 2/SA Interoperability Metrics USJFCOM Army and Marine Corps bde/regt can be seamlessly crossattached INTSUM / OPSUM Logistics Information NBC Warnings & Reports TBMD and Air Defense Warnings CCIRs Obstacle Information Combat Power Army Bde can Operate Adjacent To Marine Corps Regiment Army Bde can work directly for JTF it u s pur PP W C RK T J N of Air Tracks Plans and Orders Commander Sitreps ATO / ACO Air Coordination Measures Fires (Targets, FSCMs, Overlays – Battlefield Geometries & Control Measures Plans and Orders Commander Sitreps Red Picture (Correlated and SPOT Reports) ow n ty i l i ab ng r e op ergi r e int conv g in to v o y r l p ous m i s ane m e st imult y S s Blue SA (Air/Ground at platform/unit levels) USA USMC MCS 6. 3. 2 C 2 PC 5. 8 Sep 03 MCS 6. 3. D C 2 PC 5. 9 Mar 04 MCS 6. 4 C 2 PC 6. 0 MCS 6. 4 C 2 PC 6. 1 JTCW 7. 0 Mar 05 Mar 06 Mar 07

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Speed Kills • • • Enemy Situation Friendly Capabilities Weapons Command Control Coalition and Interagency

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Speed Kills • • • Enemy Situation Friendly Capabilities Weapons Command Control Coalition and Interagency Early Networked Situational Awareness Dramatically Increases Response Options Decide – Act - Adapt

USJFCOM Joint C 2 Joint BMC 2 Context Joint ISR Joint Fires Interagency UNCLASSIFIED Coalition Joint Battle Management Command Control spans the continuum of Joint C 2, Joint Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR), Joint Fires, Interagency, and Coalition

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Net-Centric Operations An information superiority concept of operations ü Effects Based Operations ü Coherently Joint ü Fully Networked Decision makers, Shooters, Sensors and Systems ü Shared Real Time Situational Awareness ü Increased Speed of Command ü Information/Knowledge Superiority ü Supports Synchronized Non-contiguous Operations Enabling Decision Superiority - - but more so Decide, Act, Adapt

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Transforming How We Think and Operate Legacy systems will not meet this challenge! Knowledge Centric Effects Based Thinking Differently Coherently Joint Fully Networked Enabling Networked Operations

USJFCOM Joint Concept Development and UNCLASSIFIED Experimentation Strategy (FY 04 -05) • Leverage Combatant Commander Exercises and Operations • Leverage Service Sponsored Wargames and Seminars FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 Joint Prototype Path FY 01 Unified Vision Field the Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) – including the enabling concepts for developing transformational joint command control Deliver rapid, prototyping of capabilities to improve joint warfighting now Millennium Challenge Operational Lessons Learned Include our Combatant Commands, Services, Defense Agencies and Multinational partners; collaborate in experimentation activities Joint Concept Development Path FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 • Leverage Combatant Commander Exercises and Operations • Leverage Service Sponsored Wargames and Seminars Provide actionable recommendations from experimentation results to senior leaders to inform options for future force investments

USJFCOM Delivering Innovation OEF/OIF Desert Storm Integration of Service Capabilities Stitch Service Seams WWII Deconflict Service Forces Effects-based, Collaborative & Network Centric Future UNCLASSIFIED

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE DECISION 912 HIGHLIGHTS Expands USJFCOM responsibility for: Ø Strengthening Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command Control (JBMC 2) capabilities Ø Leading Combatant Commanders in development of joint doctrine, concepts, mission/capability requirements for Joint BMC 2 Ø Coordinating JBMC 2 capabilities for joint integration and interoperability with the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) Ø Direct oversight and directive authorities for selected Do. D programs and initiatives

USJFCOM What the Warfighter Needs UNCLASSIFIED • An integrated, interoperable, and networked joint force: – that will insure common shared situational awareness – that will allow fused, precise and actionable intelligence – that will support coherent distributed and dispersed operations, including forced entry into anti-access or area-denial environments – that will ensure decision superiority enabling more agile, more lethal, and survivable joint operations

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Transformation Leaders in JBMC 2 Standing Joint Force Headquarters Collaborative Information Environments Deployable Joint Command Control Netted Joint Forces Integrated Joint Fires Joint National Training Capability (JNTC) Advanced Concepts Effects Based Operations (EBO), Operational Net Assessment (ONA) Etc.

Attacking the Problem on Two Fronts #1 – Improve interoperability to the tactical level: JBMC 2 Roadmap (to include necking-down BMC 2 apps) T O D A Y Make in teroper able 2008 ms e t s y s n ow d k Nec # 2 – Global Information Grid (GIG) / Net-centric Vision

Achieving Net-Centric “Operations” Policy • Original GIG envisioned as overarching top down (CIO driven) architecture • New GIG focused on Net-Centric standards and related policy Governance Architectures In Place & Evolving • DAB • JROC • CIO Board • MID 912 • Must be Joint Warfighter Driven, (JFCOM and Joint Staff – JCIDS/FCBs process) • AT&L lead for System Views • NII lead for Technical Views (standards) • JTA 6. 0 Standards • Critical NII/ Net-Centric Checklist • Need database harmonization • Need Information Assurance Networks • Bandwidth Expansion (NII Lead) Functional Capability Balance • For near term make JBMC 2 operationally interoperable (FIOP – SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP…) • For future leverage NCES for most all functions (applications), but allow for real-time organic warfighter applications

Magnitude of the JBMC 2 Roadmap System Challenge +8 7 “Making JBMC 2 Interoperable by 2008” Cr itic al IS R Core BMC 2 Total FIOP JI&I DOTMLPF SIAP SIGP GCCS SIMP 11 s+ tic gis Lo Mi ss ion 130 (~ 30) SOFP SISP Mission Critical Support Communications +132 (Total Mission Critical to phase out or make interoperable– 360)

Joint Battle Management Command Control (JBMC 2) Management Structure REQUIREMENTS AQUISITION OSD (AT&L, NII & JS) Strategy & Oversight Bridge between JBMC 2 capability requirements development and systems engineering needs/ /programmatic decision support USJFCOM “Top-Level” Tradeoffs and Leadership Across Joint Mission Threads USJFCOM JROC (MID 912) (JCIDS) Coordination JBMC 2 Engineering Team (Service Lead FIOP (USAF)) “Day-to-Day” Systems Engineering /Picture Integration (FIOP, SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP) Service implementation of JBMC 2 Engineering Army USMC Navy SECDEF USAF Air Force JBMC 2 BOD JCB/FCBs Coordination Service participation in JBMC 2 Requirements Army USMC Navy USAF Air Force

…Next Steps • • • JBMC 2 Roadmap - a living document Conduct “JBMC 2 Capability DAB” Conduct Net Centric Program Reviews using the Net Centric Checklist • Ensure Services and Agencies implement Roadmap and Checklist decisions in the POM and in Programs

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Transforming the Joint Force Deconflict Service Forces Air Forces Army Forces Air Forces SOF c en Army Forces Interdependent Coherently Joint Collaborative Coordination Effects-Based, Network Centric Interagency-Multinational ag er Air Forces Integration of Service Capabilities Int Army Forces Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Navy Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces ltin Marine Forces Navy Forces Mu Marine Forces y SOF Joint Context, JTFs & SJFHQ Service Context and Organizations JBMC 2, CIE Service Command & Control Service Training Transformation Organic Fires FSCL Service Lessons Learned al Continuum of Transformation at SOF Kill Box/ETACS JNTC Joint Fires/JTAC JLL

USJFCOM Summary UNCLASSIFIED • Interoperability and integration are fundamental to effective joint operations • Both current and future requirements must be considered and synchronized • New “top down” requirements process and new paradigm for JBMC 2 are steps in the right direction…. . but they must be given time to take root

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Back ups

USJFCOM Guiding Definitions UNCLASSIFIED • Interoperability: The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units or forces and to use the services exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. (JP 0 -2) • Integration: The arrangement of military forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. (JP 0 -2) • Joint: Activities, operations and organizations, etc. , in which elements of two or more military Departments participate (JP 0 -2). • Joint Force: A force composed of significant elements (assigned or attached) of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander. (JP 0 -2) Interoperability is key to Joint Force Integration

USJFCOM JBMC 2 Mandate UNCLASSIFIED Secretary of Defense directed expanded responsibilities for USJFCOM to improve the Department of Defense ability to field Joint Battle Management Command Control capabilities (MID 912) “Strengthens the Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command Control capabilities by improving the Department’s ability to organize, train, and equip joint forces. ”

USJFCOM UNCLASSIFIED Transforming How We Think and Operate Legacy systems will not meet this challenge! • • Effects-Based Operations (EBO) Information Operations (IO) Force Projection (JDPO) Joint Tactical Actions (JTA) Effects Based • Networked C 2 (JBMC 2) • Distributed Common Ground Surface/System (DCGS) • Global Information Grid (GIGBE) • Collaborative Info Environment (CIE) • Net-Centric Enterprise Services (NCES) Knowledge Centric Thinking Differently Fully Networked • Operational Net Assessment (ONA) • Joint Intel, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JISR) • Intel Transformation • Decision Superiority Coherently Joint • Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) • Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG) • Multinational Info Sharing (MNIS) Enabling Networked Operations