Using satellite soilmoisture measurements to correct measurements of

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Using satellite soil-moisture measurements to correct measurements of groundwaterstorage change Georgia Ross Northern Arizona

Using satellite soil-moisture measurements to correct measurements of groundwaterstorage change Georgia Ross Northern Arizona University Dr. Jeffrey Kennedy USGS

Introduction Groundwater is an important resource…. USGS measures groundwater-storage changes in Arizona using ground-based

Introduction Groundwater is an important resource…. USGS measures groundwater-storage changes in Arizona using ground-based gravity measurements Because gravity measures all water in the subsurface, it is helpful to remove near-surface (soil moisture) changes from deeper (aquifer) changes NASA SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) Satellite data were used to correct gravity data for soil moisture changes

Measuring ground-water storage change with gravity Changes in the amount of groundwater stored in

Measuring ground-water storage change with gravity Changes in the amount of groundwater stored in underground aquifers are measured using ground-based gravity measurements Changes in near-surface soil moisture create “noise” in the data and mask deeper aquifer changes.

Data – gravity data Gravity is measured using an “absolute” gravity meter that measures

Data – gravity data Gravity is measured using an “absolute” gravity meter that measures the acceleration of a falling mass. Gravity measurements are made three times per year

Data – Satellite Soil moisture data SMAP…. SMAP only goes back to 2015, so

Data – Satellite Soil moisture data SMAP…. SMAP only goes back to 2015, so we had to extend the record to 2009 using ASCAT Soil moisture is not a direct measurement, it requires other models to account for vegetation, etc…. Air. Moss… PLOT FROM EXCEL

Study Area Ash Fork Flagstaff Verde Valley

Study Area Ash Fork Flagstaff Verde Valley

Analysis Code in MATLAB applies Newton’s law of gravitation to grid-cell density changes that

Analysis Code in MATLAB applies Newton’s law of gravitation to grid-cell density changes that are caused by soil moisture. Grid-cell elevations are obtained from the USGS National Elevation Dataset.

Conclusions Plots showing raw vs. corrected gravity time series 1. B-15 -03 11 DDB

Conclusions Plots showing raw vs. corrected gravity time series 1. B-15 -03 11 DDB 75 5 0 -5 -10 80 -15 Corrected gravity Uncorrected gravity Depth to water -20 -25 -30 2009 Depth to water Gravity change, in micro. Gal 10 85 2011 2014 2017

Acknowledgements Jeff Kennedy Research Hydrologist USGS Arizona Water Science Center, Flagstaff Kathleen Stigmon Sr.

Acknowledgements Jeff Kennedy Research Hydrologist USGS Arizona Water Science Center, Flagstaff Kathleen Stigmon Sr. Program Coordinator NAU NASA Space Grant & REU Nadine G. Barlow, Ph. D Professor and Department Chair Director, NAU/NASA Space Grant Program Associate Director, AZ Space Grant Consortium Department of Physics and Astronomy

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