Using Remote Sensing to Track the 2010 Eruptions
- Slides: 25
Using Remote Sensing to Track the 2010 Eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (Icelandic Volcano) Nick Nauslar KC King http: //topics. nytimes. com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/iceland/eyjafjallajokull/index. html
Overview • • • About the Eyjafjallajökull Volcano Meteorology: HYSPLIT MODIS – Visible and AOD CALIPSO LIDAR AERONET Conclusions
About Eyjafjallajökull • Can’t be pronounced correctly • First eruption: March 20, 2010 ranked a 1 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) • Continuing eruptions: April 14 -20 – ranked 4 on the VEI scale • ~250 million cubic meters of ejected material • Ash plume rose to a height of ~9 km (30, 000 ft) • From April 15 -20 the ash cloud caused airport closures all over Europe • Declared over in October 2010 Extent of the ash cloud http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eyjafjallaj%C 3%B 6 kull
Videos to Keep You Awake • Helicopter View • Time Lapse
HYSPLIT
HYSPLIT Volcanic Ash
HYSPLIT
HYSPLIT Volcanic Ash
First Eruption Phase MODIS Visible • March 20 – First eruption • Aqua – 12: 55 GMT • Too many clouds to see the eruption or get useful AOD information Greenland Iceland
Second Eruption Phase – April 14 MODIS - Terra Visible AOD Sweeden Poland
Second Eruption Phase – April 15 MODIS - Terra Visible AOD UK France Spain
Second Eruption Phase – April 18 MODIS - Aqua Visible AOD Norway UK France
Second Eruption Phase – April 19 MODIS – Terra (12: 50 GMT) Visible AOD Iceland
AOD Small Fraction April 14 April 19 Sweeden Iceland Poland Larger particles in swath of high AOD
CALIPSO LIDAR: March 16
CALIPSO LIDAR: March 23
CALIPSO LIDAR: April 15
CALIPSO LIDAR: April 19
Aeronet Stations Helgoland Wytham Woods Liepzig
Wytham Woods, UK Wytham Woods - 500 nm AOD 1, 2 1 AOD 0, 8 0, 6 0, 4 0, 2 0 104, 6 105, 6 106, 6 107, 6 108, 6 109, 6 Julian Day 110, 6 111, 6 112, 6 113, 6
Liepzig, Germany Liepzig - 500 nm AOD 1 0, 9 0, 8 AOD 0, 7 0, 6 0, 5 0, 4 0, 3 0, 2 0, 1 0 104, 6 105, 6 106, 6 107, 6 108, 6 109, 6 Julian Day 110, 6 111, 6 112, 6 113, 6
Helgoland, Denmark Helgoland AOD 500 nm 0, 45 0, 4 0, 35 AOD 0, 3 0, 25 0, 2 0, 15 0, 1 0, 05 0 104, 2 105, 2 106, 2 107, 2 108, 2 109, 2 Julian Day 110, 2 111, 2 112, 2 113, 2
Conclusions • HYSPLIT shows ash cloud over good portion of Europe • Trajectories of parcels from volcanic eruption over northern Europe • CALIPSO LIDAR shows the aerosols over parts of northern Europe. Most of it shows up as dust (volcanic ash -> larger particles) • Thought more pollution would show up due to amount of gases emitted
Conclusions Continued • MODIS shows a visible and AOD signal from Iceland across Europe over the period April 14 -20 • The fine fraction from MODIS points to relatively large particles • Individual AERONET stations across Europe also contain the signatures of the volcanic ash cloud in increased AOD
References • • • Air Resources Laboratory - HYSPLIT NASA – LADSWEB AERONET You. Tube Wikipedia: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Eyjafjallaj%C 3%B 6 kull http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2010_eruptions_of_Eyjafjallaj%C 3%B 6 kull • Huffington Post: http: //www. huffingtonpost. com/2010/04/16/iceland-volcanosatellite_n_540449. html
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