Using Reinforcements Beth Ackerman Ed D backermanliberty edu
Using Reinforcements Beth Ackerman, Ed. D. backerman@liberty. edu Notes at – http: //works. bepress. com/beth_ackerman/
P R A I S E roactive einforcements ssess the situation ntent of misbehavior incerity mpower the child
PROACTIVE WELL-LIKED FUN POSITIVE WELL-RESPECTED STRUCTURED CONSISTENT LIMIT SETTING
REINFORCEMENTS 4 Theories of Reinforcements 4 Tangible vs. Social Pavlov Skinner
Nature of Stimulus Pleasant Presented after the response Positive Reinforcement (response increases) Removed Punishment II or after the Extinction response (response decreases) Aversive Punishment 1 (response decreases) Negative Reinforcement (response increases) 5
Sample Positive Reinforcements ALWAYS START WITH LEAST RESTRICTIVE 4 Positive words 4 Positive calls home 4 Behavioral contracts 4 Points/levels system 4 Token economy
Punishment and Negative Reinforcement ALWAYS START WITH THE LEAST RESTRICTIVE 4 Verbal reprimands, frowns, reminders, etc. 4 Imposing in-class separation (time out) – time out versus time away 4 Removal from classroom (time out or isolation room/area) 4 Send home
Less Obtrusive to More Intrusive 4 Proximity control 4 Rewards 4 Voice control 4 Token economy 4 Pause. Stop what 4 Loss of privileges your doing 4 Distraction 4 Eye contact 4 Rule reminder 4 Phone calls home 4 Separation from the group 4 Time outs
Token Economy 4 Child Driven not Teacher Driven 4 Observable and specific behaviors 4 Time intervals 4 Rewards 4 Should not ever take tokens away from the student
Token Economy and Skinner
WHY DO CHILDREN MISBEHAVE? ? Assess 4 A B C Antecedent Behavior Consequence
ABC Chart Antecedent -During Behavior Consequence Circle Speaking out of turn Ignore them -Again, during circle time Talking without permission Gave a warning - During circle time Asked inappropriate question Answer the question Time
Identify a Target Behavior 4 One specific behavior 4 Measurable? – What do we know about teaching? 4 Is it necessary – – Proverbs 22: 6 - Train up a child in the way he should go, Even when he is old he will not depart from it.
Target Behavior INCORRECT – – Aggression Disrespectful Hyperactive Rude Behavior CORRECT – Throws things when angry – Roles his eyes – Touches others personal belongings
Teach Appropriate Behavior 4 Behavior Replacements 4 After identifying the specific target behavior, how can you replace it with appropriate behavior?
Measurable Objectives 4 A, B, C and D (Audience, Behavior, Criteria and how Demonstrated). 4 Johnny will make appropriate eye contact in 3 of 5 attempts. 4 Johnny will go to the quite place instead of throwing books in five of five attempts.
Collect Data 4 Is the intervention effective?
P roactive R einforcements A ssess the situation I ntent of misbehavior S incerity E mpower the child
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