Using Reinforcement to Increase Operant Behavior Dr Alan

Using Reinforcement to Increase Operant Behavior Dr. Alan H. Teich Chapter 4

Reinforcement l Positive vs. Negative l Reward value l Unconditioned (Primary) vs. Conditioned (Secondary) Reinforcers

Why Are Reinforcers Reinforcing? l Biological drives l Sensory stimulation

Reinforcers l Identifying Potential Reinforcers l Strengthen reinforcers • Demographic factors • Observation • Indirect assessment

Positive Reinforcers l l tangible reinforcers activities • Premack Principle • response deprivation hypothesis l l social reinforcers feedback tokens covert reinforcers

Shaping Qualitative shaping l Quantitative shaping l

Timing and Schedules of Reinforcement continuous reinforcement (CRF) thinning intermittent or partial reinforcement (PRF)

Chaining Methods forward chaining l backward chaining l total-task presentation l

Using Group and Individual Contingencies l l lottery procedures group contingencies

Who Will Administer Reinforcement? l peer-administered reinforcement self-administered reinforcement l reduce reinforcement errors l

Escape and Avoidance Escape l Avoidance l

Tips on Using Reinforcement l l l l l Reward value Consistency. Clear contingency Vary reinforcers. Naturally occurring reinforcers Consequences Thinning Eliminate counterproductive Review data