Using Reinforcement to Increase Operant Behavior Dr Alan
Using Reinforcement to Increase Operant Behavior Dr. Alan H. Teich Chapter 4
Reinforcement l Positive vs. Negative l Reward value l Unconditioned (Primary) vs. Conditioned (Secondary) Reinforcers
Why Are Reinforcers Reinforcing? l Biological drives l Sensory stimulation
Reinforcers l Identifying Potential Reinforcers l Strengthen reinforcers • Demographic factors • Observation • Indirect assessment
Positive Reinforcers l l tangible reinforcers activities • Premack Principle • response deprivation hypothesis l l social reinforcers feedback tokens covert reinforcers
Shaping Qualitative shaping l Quantitative shaping l
Timing and Schedules of Reinforcement continuous reinforcement (CRF) thinning intermittent or partial reinforcement (PRF)
Chaining Methods forward chaining l backward chaining l total-task presentation l
Using Group and Individual Contingencies l l lottery procedures group contingencies
Who Will Administer Reinforcement? l peer-administered reinforcement self-administered reinforcement l reduce reinforcement errors l
Escape and Avoidance Escape l Avoidance l
Tips on Using Reinforcement l l l l l Reward value Consistency. Clear contingency Vary reinforcers. Naturally occurring reinforcers Consequences Thinning Eliminate counterproductive Review data
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